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Political control of Oresund has been an important issue in Danish (and Swedish) history. Danish military control was maintained with the coastal fortress of Kronborg at Elsinore (Danish: Helsingør) on the western side, and Kärnan at Helsingborg on the eastern side, of Öresund's neck, where the strait is only 4.5 kilometers wide.

In 1429Events January 10 Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 Battle of Rouvray (or "of the Herrings"). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolk' King Eric of PomeraniaEric of Pomerania Erik af Pommern (Danish title), Erik av Pommern (Erik III (Norwegian title) or Erik av Pommern (Eric XIII (Swedish title), was adopted by Margaret I of Denmark and became king of Norway ( 1389-1442), of Denmark ( 1412- 1439), and of Swed introduced the Oresund- TollThe word toll can mean more than one thing: In the context of roads, see toll road and toll bridge In the context of New Zealand transport, see Toll NZ In the context of Australian transport, see Toll Group In the context of genetics, see toll (gene) In t. Every ship passing Elsinore had to pay duty to the Danish CrownThe Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom, as opposed to any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch. In the United Kingdom (and by extension, most of the nation (regardless if the cargo was en route to or from Denmark or not). The Øresund-Toll was for centuries the Crown's most important income, making the kings relatively independent of Denmark's Privy Council and aristocracyAristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an "upper class" known as aristocrats . The Greek origins of the word aristocracy imply the meaning of "rule by the best". This inevitably means those with the power to hold wealth,. Swedish ships were since 1645Events February 15 New Model Army is founded officially June 14 English Civil War: Battle of Naseby 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers June 28 English Civil War the Royalists lose Carlisle July 2: Fight at Alford, Aberdee relieved from the toll. After 1658, when Terra Scania was ceded to Sweden, the toll could not be enforced as before, but it wasn't abolished until 1857.

A bridge across the sound, the Oresund Bridge, was inaugurated on July 1, 2000 by King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden and Queen Margaret II of Denmark.