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1 Events

• 686 - Conon becomes Pope.
• 1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, who in effect rule Japan until the mid-Nineteenth century.
• 1797 - In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.
• 1805 - Napoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1804 until 1815. They were a continuation of the conflicts sparked by the French Revolution and covered the duration of the First French Empire. The First and Second Coalitions For a more detailed account see the French Rev: Battle of TrafalgarThe Battle of Trafalgar ( 21 October 1805) was the most significant naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars and the pivotal naval battle of the 19th century. It was fought west of Cape Trafalgar in southwest Spain. A British Royal Navy fleet under the com - a BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a state in Western Europe, usually known simply as the United Kingdom the UK Britain or less accurately as Great Britain . The UK was formed by a series of Acts of Union which united the formerly fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined FrenchThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. and SpanishThe Kingdom of Spain is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. It inc fleet off the coast of Spain.
• 1824Events January 22 Ashantis crush British forces in the Gold Coast Cimetiere du Montparnasse established The Dutch sign the Masang Agreement temporarily ending hostilities in the Padri War March 17 signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. March 11 The Un - Joseph AspdinJoseph Aspdin ( 1788 20 March 1855) was an English mason, bricklayer and inventor who patented Portland cement on 21 October 1824. The eldest son of a Leeds bricklayer, he began using artificial cements made by burning ground limestone and clay together. patents Portland cement.
• 1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
• 1867 - ' Manifest Destiny': Medicine Lodge Treaty - Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma.
• 1879 - Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric light bulb (it lasted 13 1/2 hours before burning out).
• 1895 - The Republic of Taiwan collapses as Japanese forces invade.
• 1902 - In the United States, a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.
• 1941 - World War II: Germans rampage in Yugoslavia, killing thousands of civilians.
• 1944 - The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg (441 pound) bomb off Leyte Island, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.
• 1945 - Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
• 1945 - Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married actress Evita.
• 1947 - 21 die as a fire destroys an asylum in Hoff , Germany.
• 1957 - The movie Jailhouse Rock , starring Elvis Presley, opens.
• 1959 - In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
• 1959 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order transferring Wernher Von Braun and other German scientists from the United States Army to NASA.
• 1966 - Aberfan disaster: A coal tip falls on the village of Aberfan in Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren
• 1967 - Vietnam War: More than 100,000 war protest ers gather in Washington, DC. A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility (event lasts until October 23; 683 people will be arrested). Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe.
• 1973 - John Paul Getty III 's ear is cut off by his kidnappers and sent to a newspaper in Rome; it doesn't arrive until November 8.
• 1980 - 1980 World Series : In 6 games, the Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series.
• 1986 - In Lebanon, pro- Iranian kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he will be released in August 1991).
• 1987 - Former Miss America Bess Myerson is arrested on charges of bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud, all involving an alimony-fixing scandal. She is later found not guilty.
• 1994 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
• 1997 - Hotel owners from the Detroit area meet to discuss Jack Kevorkian's practice of leaving corpses in hotel rooms.
• 1997 - The government of Singapore announces in a widely-publicized " toilet alert" that the drive for toilet cleanliness is a great success; five toilets were selected by citizens as toilet role models.