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Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. It is located in the extreme southwest, between Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is the Russian part of the Caucasus.Subdivisions, with republics (that enjoy a high degree of autonomy on most issues and correspond to some of Russia's ethnic minorities) marked by a *, and with their respective capitals or administrative centers:
- Adygeya * : Maykop
- Astrakhan Oblast : Astrakhan
- Chechnya (declared independence in 1991; 2 wars with Russia, 1994- 1996 and 1999-present; most countries do not recognize its independence) * : Grozny
- DagestanThe Republic of Dagestan ( Russian: ́ ́) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Dagestan''. It is the largest republic of Russia in the northern Caucasus, bo * : MakhachkalaMakhachkala ( Russian: ́) is a city in Russia, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan. It is located on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea. It was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original name of the city is Pe
- IngushetiaThe Republic of Ingushetia ( Russian: ́; Ingush: ii ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Ingushetiya''. Geography Ingushetia is situated on the northern slopes * : MagasMagas ( Russian: ) is the capital of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. The city was founded in 1995; it replaced Nazran as the capital of the republic in 2002.
- Kabardino-BalkariaThe Kabardino-Balkar Republic or Kabardino-Balkaria ( Russian: ; Kabardian: , Balkar: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic), located in the northern Caucasus. The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Kabardino-Balkarska * : NalchikNalchik is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. Founded in 1817, town status since 1921. Population 227,000 ( 1985). This city is a balneological and mountain climat resort. Cities in Russia.
- KalmykiaThe Republic of Kalmykia ( Russian: ; Kalmyk: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Kalmykiya''. Geography Area 76,100kmē. Borders internal Rostov Oblast (W), Volgogr * : ElistaElista ( Russian: , but also ) is the capital of the Republic of Kalmykia, an autonomous republic of the Russian Federation. Population ( 2002): 109,900. History Founded in 1865, Elista has a town status since 1930. In 1944, the entire population of the r
- Karachay-Cherkessia * : Cherkessk
- Krasnodar Krai : Krasnodar
- North Ossetia-Alania * : Vladikavkaz
- Stavropol Krai : Stavropol
- Rostov Oblast : Rostov on Don
- Volgograd Oblast : Volgograd
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