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Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine of the chemical formula C8 H11 N O3. It is released from the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons during synaptic transmission. It is one of the 'stress hormones' and affects parts of the human brain where attention and impulsivityInclined to act on impulse rather than thought. are controlled. This compound affects the fight-or-flight responseThe flight or fight response also called the "acute stress response" was first described by Walter Cannon in the 1920s as a theory that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. The response was later recognized, activating the sympathetic nervous systemThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one half of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is the other. The sympathetic nervous system activates what is often termed the "fight or flight response" of the body. Some evoluti to directly increase heart rateThe heart rate is the number of contractions of the heart in one minute. The adult human heart beats at about 70 beats per minute, but this varies between people. The body can increase the heart rate in response to a wide variety of conditions in order to, release energy from fatThis article is about lipid molecules, for FAT see File Allocation Table. In biochemistry, fat is a generic term for a class of lipids. Fats are produced by organic processes in animals and plants. All fats are insoluble in water and have a density signif and increase muscleskeletal muscle Muscle is one of the four tissue types. The other three types are: epithelium, connective tissue and nervous tissue. The primary purpose of muscle tissue is to contract. Muscle contraction is used to move parts of the body, as well as to m readiness. The host of physiologicalPhysiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Physiology has traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what partic changes activated by a stressful event are unleashed in part by activation of a nucleus in the brain stemThe brain stem is the stalk of the brain below the cerebral hemispheres. It is the major route for communication between the forebrain and the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. It also controls various functions including respiration, regulation of heart called the locus ceruleus. This nucleus is the origin of most norepinephrine pathways in the brain. Neurons using norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter project bilaterally from the locus ceruleus along distinct pathways to the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and the spinal cord, among other projections.
At synapsis it acts on both Alpha and Beta Adrenoreceptors .
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