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| Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) | |||||
| Capital Largest city | Fredericton Saint John | ||||
| Area - Total - % fresh water | 11th largest (8th lgst prov.) 72 908 km² 2.0% | ||||
| Population
- Density | Ranked 8th
10.60/km² | ||||
| Admittance into Confederation
- Order |
N.B. colony 1 | ||||
| Time zone | UTC -4 | ||||
| Postal information
| NB E | ||||
| ISO 3166-2ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. It is a geocode system created for coding the names of subdivisions of countries ( subnational entities) and dependent areas. The purpose of the standard is to establish a worldwide series of short a | CA-NB | ||||
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Parliamentary representationParliament Hill's Centre Block houses both the Commons and Senate. The Parliament of Canada (in French: le Parlement du Canada is Canada's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. According to Section 17 of the Constitution Act, 1 House seatsThe House of Commons (in French, la Chambre des communes is the directly elected lower house of the Parliament of Canada which sits in the nation's capital of Ottawa, Ontario. Leadership Prime Minister and Cabinet Under the Westminster system, the prime m Senate seatsThe Senate of Canada is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. The senate has 105 members who are appointed by the Governor General on advice from the Prime Minister and serve until the age of 75. 24 from Ontario; 24 from Quebec; 24 are from the Mar |
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| PremierThe Premier of New Brunswick (fr: Premier ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick is the first minister for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. They are the province's head of government and de facto chief executive. The premier of a Canadian province is much l | Bernard LordBernard Lord (born September 27 1965 in Quebec) is a Canadian politician. He is currently serving as New Brunswick's 30th Premier. The Hon. Bernard Lord Rank 30th Term of Office June 7, 1999 present Predecessor Camille Theriault Successor n/a Date of Birt (PC) | ||||
| Lieutenant-Governor | Herménégilde Chiasson | ||||
| Government of New Brunswick | |||||
New Brunswick ( French, le Nouveau-Brunswick) is one of Canada's provinces. Its capital is Fredericton. Its population is slowly growing, and now exceeds 750,000 (New Brunswickers).
New Brunswick is located in the Canadian Maritimes, on the country's east coast. It is bounded on the north by Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and by the Baie des Chaleurs and on the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Northumberland Strait. To the south, the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto connects it to peninsular Nova Scotia, most of which is seperated from the mainland by the Bay of Fundy; on its west, the province borders the American state of Maine.
The total land and water area of the province is approximately 70,000 square kilometres. About 80% of the province is forested, with the other 20% consisting of agricultural land and urban areas. New Brunswick lies entirely within the Appalachian Mountain range, a chain of ancient, eroded mountains which primarily consist river valleys and low, gently rolling hills throughout large parts of the province. The eastern and central part of the province consists of the New Brunswick Lowland, whereas the Caledonia Highlands and St. Croix Highlands extend along the Bay of Fundy coast, reaching elevations of 300 metres. The northwestern part of the province is comprised of the remote and more rugged Miramichi Highlands, Chaleur Uplands, and the Notre Dame Mountains with a maximum elevation at Mount Carleton of 820 metres.
The aboriginal nations of New Brunswick include the Mi'kmaq (Micmac), Maliseet and Passamaquoddy. The population is majority English-speaking but with a substantial (35%) French-speaking minority who call themselves Acadians from Acadia, the former name of this region during the French colonial period during which large numbers of colonists migrated from the Vienne area of France. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in the country.
The Province of New Brunswick was created in 1784, when recently-arrived Loyalist refugees from the United States, who resented being governed from distant Halifax, Nova Scotia, petitioned the British Government to allow them to form a separate province consisting of the portion of Nova Scotia west of the Isthmus of Chignecto and north of the Bay of Fundy.[1] The new province was named in honour of the British monarch, King George III, who was descended from the House of Brunswick. Fredericton, the provincial capital, was likewise named for George III's second son, Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York.
New Brunswick has eight officially incorporated cities, listed here in descending order by population:
See also a List of communities in New Brunswick.
Saint John is a port city, with heavy industry in the form of pulp and paper, oil refineries, and drydocks, all owned by the family of the late K.C. Irving. The Irving family also controls much of the province's economy and 3 out of 4 of its daily English language newspapers. Saint John is conventionally written out in full, to distinguish it from St. John's (Harbour), the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, with which it is commonly confused by those outside of the Atlantic Provinces. Moncton is the second largest city in New Brunswick and also the fastest growing. It is principally a transportation, distribution, commercial and retail center. Moncton has a sizeable francophone Acadian minority (35%) and is considered by the Acadians to be their unofficial "capital". Fredericton, in addition to being the capital of the province, is a genteel university town, and home to the Lord Beaverbrook Art Gallery, Theatre New Brunswick , the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame, and other amenities, including Christ Church Cathedral , whose foundation is the oldest in Canada or the United States. Fredericton is nicknamed the "City of Stately Elms". It has boasted of the largest stand of elms outside of Central Park since Dutch Elm Disease devastated this species in the early twentieth century.The economy of New Brunswick is a modern service economy dominated by financial services, insurance and other services, but is best known for forestry, mining, mixed farming and fishing. The most valuable crop is potatoes, while the most valuable fish catches are lobster and scallops. The largest employers are the Irving family companies, the Government of New Brunswick, and the McCain Foods Limited (french fries) family companies.
The University of New Brunswick was founded as King's College in 1785, one of the oldest educational institutions in North America.
Mount Allison University is a small private undergraduate university which has consistently topped the Maclean's magazine survey of Canadian Universities in the undergraduate university category since that poll began. It produces a Rhodes Scholar about once every two years on the average, and was the first university in the British Empire to grant a Bachelor's degree to a woman. Saint Thomas University is a small, Catholic institution whose central liberal arts program is complemented by professional programs in education and social work.The Université de Moncton is a French-language university with its principal campus in Moncton.
Atlantic Baptist University is an undergraduate university offering three Bachelor's degrees; Science, Arts and Education. It was founded mid-twentieth century as a bible training school, and grew to an accredited and academically rigorous Liberal Arts university in under fifty years. ABU is also located in Moncton.The Acadians are survivors of the Expulsion (1755) which drove several thousand French residents into exile in North America, the U.K. and France for refusing to take an oath of allegiance to Britain during the time of high tension pending war between France and Britain. Their American cousins, who wound up in Louisiana and other parts of the American South, are often referred to as Cajuns.
First Nations in New Brunswick include the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet.
See: Famous people from New Brunswick
The provincial flower is the purple violet. The provincial bird is the black-capped chickadee, in common with the American states of Maine and Massachusetts.