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Neurological disorders are disorders of the central nervous system ( brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (including cranial nerves), and the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both central and peripheral nervous system). Major conditions include:

• headache
• stupor and coma
• dementia, including Alzheimer's disease
• seizures and epilepsy
• sleep disordersDefinition A sleep disorder is a disorder in the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders can interfere with mental and emotional function, due to their interference with REM sleep. Common sleep disorders The most common sleep disorders
• cerebral palsyCerebral palsy or CP is a group of disorders associated with developmental brain injuries that occur during fetal development, birth, or shortly after birth. It is characterized by a disruption of motor skills, with symptoms such as spasticity, paralysis,
• infectionInfection" is also the title of an episode of the television series Babylon 5; see Infection (Babylon 5). An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. The colonizing organism interferes with the normal functionings
• neoplasms,
• movement disorderList of Movement disorders Akinesia lack of movement Athetosis contorted torsion or twisting Ataxia Ballismus violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements Hemiballismus Bradykinesia slow movement Chorea rapid, involuntary movement Sydenham's chorea Rs such as Parkinson's diseaseParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the substantia nigra (an area in the basal ganglia). The disease was first discovered and its symptoms documented in 1817 Essay on the Shaking Palsy by the British physician Dr. James Parkinson; the as
• demyelinating diseaseA demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. This impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, causing impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions dependins such as multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis MS is a demyelinating disease, a non-contagious chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system which can present with a variety of neurological symptoms occurring in attacks or slowly progressing over time. It has no cure yet
• spinal cord disorders, and
• disorders of peripheral nerve s, muscle and neuromuscular junctions.

Along with treating all of the above disorders, the responsibilities of a neurologist include making a finding of brain death when it is suspected that a patient is deceased, and filling out the paperwork to ensure issuance of a death certificate for the patient.

Many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders of the central nervous system, but they are classified separately. They are not traditionally listed as neurological diseases because their causes are not definitely determined as biological, although there are good reasons to suspect that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have neuro-chemical causes.