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It consists of the former villages of Neubau, Altlerchenfeld, St Ulrich, Schottenfeld and Spittelberg. The district borders are formed by Lerchenfelder Strasse in the north, Mariahilfer Strasse in the south, Neubaugürtel in the west, and Museumstrasse and Museumsplatz in the east.
In the 18th century, Neubau was the location of the city's silk factories. At this time, the area became densely populated. Today it is known as Vienna's shopping district.
In the 2001 communal elections, Neubau became the first district in Austria with a Green Party majority (32.6% of the votes).
Mariahilferstrasse: Viennas largest shopping street.
Museumsquartier: centre for culture and modern art.
Volkstheater Wien: theatre, founded 1887-89 from architects F. Fellner and H. Helme.