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Subhas Chandra Bose ( January 23, 1897 - August 18, 1945) also known as Netaji, was a Orissa born and Bengal based Indian leader of the movement to win independence from British rule. Bose helped organize and later lead the Indian National Army put together with Indian prisoners-of-war and plantation workers from Singapore and Southeast Asia.
He was educated at the Protestant European School and the Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack, now in Orissa, the Scottish Church College, Calcutta and the University of Cambridge . He had resigned from the prestigious Indian Civil Service, despite scoring the fourth place on the merit list, as he wanted to serve his nation, then a colony of the British. Bose was once president of the Indian National Congress. He was elected for a second term against the wishes of senior party official Mohandas Gandhi, who supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Although Bose won the election, Gandhi's continued opposition led to the resignation of the Working Committee which further put pressure on Bose to finally resign. After having left the Congress Bose formed a separate party, the All India Forward BlocThe All India Forward Bloc is a leftwing nationalist political party in India. Background Thiruvananthapuram Foward Bloc was formed on 3 May 1939 by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose who resigned from the Congress Party. During Second World War Netaji Subhash C.
At the start of World War IIWorld War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The war was fough, Bose traveled to GermanyThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east where he joined the Special Bureau for India under Adam von Trott zu SolzAdam von Trott zu Solz (born August 9, 1909 in Potsdam, Germany died August 26, 1944 in Berlin, Germany) was a lawyer and diplomat who opposed the Nazi regime. The fifth child of leading Prussian civil servant August von Trott zu Solz, Adam went to Englan, broadcasting on the German-sponsored Azad Hind Radio . He founded the Free India Centre in Berlin and established the Indian Legion, (consisting of some 3500 soldiers) from Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa. At a time when none in Germany dared to criticise Hitler, Bose had openly criticised Hitler's treatment of Jews, annulment of democratic institutions in Germany and Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
Disappointed with the support for Indian independence from Hitler, he travelled by submarine around the Cape of Good HopeThe Cape of Good Hope is a headland in South Africa, near Cape Town, traditionally — and incorrectly — regarded as marking the turning point between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Technically, the division between the two oceans lies farther eas to Imperial Japan, which helped him to raise his army. This was the only civilian-transfer across two different submarines of two different navies in World War II.