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This page is about the chemical element. For the automobile, see Dodge Neon. For a new semiconductor technology see ARM

fluorine – neon
He Ne Ar
	Full table

General

Name, Symbol, Number

Neon, Ne, 10

Chemical series

Noble gases

Group, Period, Block

18 (VIIIA), 2A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period of the periodic table of the elements. These are: Chemical elements in the second period Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 #Name 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F , pThe p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. In the elemental form of the p-block elements, the highest energy electron occupies a p- orbital. The p-block contains all of the nonmetals and semimetals, as well as some of t

DensityFor other meanings of density, see density (disambiguation Density (symbol: rho Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. The higher an object's density, the higher its mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass div, Hardness

0.8999 kg/m³Kilogram per cubic metre is the SI measure of density and is represented as kg/m³, where kg stands for kilogram and m³ stands for cubic metre. The density of water is about 1000 kg/m³, since a cubic metre of water weighs about a tonne. kg/m³" is sometimes (273 K), NA

AppearanceFor alternative meanings, see color (disambiguation). visual arts. Color (or colour is a sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently filtered analyses of a view. The perception of

colorless

Atomic properties

Atomic weightIn reference to a certain isotope of a chemical element, atomic weight (more accurately relative atomic mass though also called simply atomic mass is the mass of one atom of the isotope expressed in units atomic mass unit amu) such that the Carbon-12 isot

20.1797 amu

Atomic radius (calc.)

no data (38) pm

Covalent radius

69 pm

van der Waals radius

154 pm

Electron configuration

[ He]2 s² 2p⁶

e^- 's per energy level

2, 8

Oxidation states ( Oxide)

0 (unknown)

Crystal structure

Cubic face centered

Physical properties

gas ( nonmagnetic)

24.56 K (-415.5 ° F)

27.07 K (-410.9 °F)

13.23 ×10^-6 m³/mol

1.7326 kJ/mol

0.3317 kJ/mol

435 m/s at 273.15 K

Miscellaneous

Electronegativity

no data

Specific heat capacity

1030 J/(kg*K)

Electrical conductivity

no data

Thermal conductivity

0.0493 W/(m*K)

1^st ionization potential

2080.7 kJ/mol

2^nd ionization potential

3952.3 kJ/mol

3^rd ionization potential

6122 kJ/mol

4^th ionization potential

9371 kJ/mol

5^th ionization potential

12177 kJ/mol

6^th ionization potential

15238 kJ/mol

7^th ionization potential

19999.0 kJ/mol

8^th ionization potential

23069.5 kJ/mol

Most stable isotopes

iso	NA	Longest t_1/2 is 3.38 m (Ne-24)
²⁰Ne	90.48%	Ne is stable with 10 neutrons
²¹Ne	0.27%	Ne is stable with 11 neutrons
²²Ne	9.25%	Ne is stable with 12 neutrons

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

Neon is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. A colorless nearly inert noble gas, neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in vacuum discharge tubes and neon lamps and is found in air in trace amounts.

1 Notable characteristics

Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, glows reddish- orange in a vacuum discharge tube and has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen (on a per unit volume basis). In most applications it is a less expensive refrigerant than helium. Neon has the most intense discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the rare gases.

2 Applications

The reddish-orange color that neon emits in neon lights is widely used to make advertising signs. "Neon" is also used generically for these types of lights when in reality many other gases are used to produce different colors of light. Other uses:

high-voltage indicators,
lightning arrestors,
wave meter tubes,
television tubes.
Neon and helium are used to make a type of gas laser.

Liquefied neon is commercially used as an economical cryogenic refrigerant.

3 History

Neon ( Greek neos meaning "new") was discovered by William Ramsay and Morris Travers in 1898.

4 Occurrence

Neon is usually found in the form of a gas with molecules consisting of a single neon atom. Neon is a rare gas that is found in the Earth's atmosphere at 1 part in 65,000 and is produced by supercooling air and fractionally distilling it from the resulting cryogenic liquid.

5 Compounds

Even though neon is for most practical purposes an inert element, it can form an exotic compound with fluorine in the laboratory. It is not known for certain if this or any neon compound exists naturally but some evidence suggests that this may be true. The ions, Ne⁺, (Ne Ar)⁺, (Ne H)⁺, and ( HeNe⁺) are have also been observed from optical and mass spectrometric research. In addition, neon forms an unstable hydrate.

6 Isotopes

Neon has three stable isotopes: Ne-20 (90.48%), Ne-21 (0.27%) and Ne-22 (9.25%). Ne-21 and Ne-22 are nucleogenic and their variations are well understood. In contrast, Ne-20 is not known to be nucleogenic and the causes of its variation in the Earth have been hotly debated. The principal nuclear reactions which generate neon isotopes are neutron emission, alpha decay reactions on Mg-24 and Mg-25, which produce Ne-21 and Ne-22, respectively. The alpha particles are derived from uranium-series decay chains, while the neutrons are mostly produced by secondary reactions from alpha particles. The net result yields a trend towards lower Ne-20/Ne-22 and higher Ne-21/Ne-22 ratios observed in uranium-rich rocks such as granites. Isotopic analysis of exposed terrestrial rocks has demonstrated the cosmogenic production of Ne-21. This isotope is generated by spallation reactions on Mg, Na, Si and Al. By analyzing all three isotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from magmatic neon and nucleogenic neon. This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure age s of surficial rocks and meteorites.

Similar to xenon, neon contents observed in samples of volcanic gases are enriched in Ne-20, as well as nucleogenic Ne-21, relative to Ne-22 contents. The neon isotopic contents of these mantle-derived samples represent a non-atmospheric source of neon. The Ne-20-enriched components were attributed to exotic primordial rare gas components in the Earth, possibly representing solar neon. Elevated Ne-20 abundances were also found in diamonds, further suggesting a solar neon reservoir in the Earth.

7 See also

Neon tetra

8 References

Los Alamos National Laboratory – Neon

9 External links

Chemical elements

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Topics: Neon, Notable Characteristics, Applications, History...

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