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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, OM (born 18 July, 1918) is a former President of South Africa, was one of its chief anti- apartheid activists, and was also an anti-apartheid saboteur and guerrilla leader. He is now almost universally considered to be a heroic freedom fighter, but during the time of the apartheid regime many Western politicians such as Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan considered him little more than a terrorist. He spent his childhood in the Thembu chiefdom before embarking on a career in law.

The name Madiba is an honourary title adopted by older male members of the Mandela clan, however in South Africa the title is synonymous with Nelson Mandela.

1 Early life

Nelson Mandela was born in Qunu in the Transkei. His father was Hendry Mphakanyiswa Gadla , chief of Mvezo , a tiny village on the banks of the Mbashe River . At the age of seven, Rolihlahla Mandela became the first member of his family to attend school, where he was given the English name "Nelson" by a Methodist teacher. His father died when he was 10, and Nelson attended a Wesleyan mission school next door to the palace of the Regent. Following XhosaThe Xhosa people live in South Africa. The name supposedly refers to one of their legendary chieftains of old. They refer to themselves as the amaXhosa and their language is known as isiXhosa another prefix-oriented Bantu language. Although they are distr custom he was initiatedComing from the Latin, initiation implies a beginning. The related term, initiate means to begin or start a particular action, event, circumstance, or happening. But it is also an ending as existence on one level drops away in an ascension to the next. at age 16, and attended Clarkebury Boarding Institute, learning about Western culture. He completed his Junior Certificate in two years, instead of the usual three.

At age 19, in 1934, Mandela moved to the Wesleyan College in Fort Beaufort, which most Thembu royalty attended, and took an interest in boxing and running. After matriculating, he began a B.A.A Bachelor of Arts B. or A. is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. Duration The BA generally lasts three years in the United Kingdom (except Scotland) and Australia or four years in North America, at the Fort Hare University, where he met Oliver TamboOliver Reginald Tambo ( 27 October 1917 24 April, 1993) was a South African anti- apartheid politician and a central figure in the African National Congress (ANC). He was born in Mbizana in eastern Mpondoland in what is now Eastern Cape. In 1940 Oliver Ta, who became a lifelong friend and colleague.

At the end of his first year he became involved in a boycott of the Students' Representative Council against the university policies, and was asked to leave Fort Hare. He left to go to JohannesburgJohannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa, and the second most populous in Sub-Saharan Africa behind Lagos. Local residents refer to the city as "Jo'burg," or "Jozi. The Zulu name for the city is "Egoli," which means "place of gold" as forty, where he completed his degree with the University of South AfricaThe University of South Africa is a distance education university, with headquarters in Pretoria, South Africa. With approximately 130,000 enrolled, it qualifies it as one of the World's mega universities. Founded in 1873 as the University of the Cape of (UNISA) via correspondence, then began a Law degree at Wits University.



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