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The brother of Ahmed I, Mustafa was reported to be mentally retarded or at least neurotic and was never more than a tool of court cliques at the Topkapi Palace. During the reign of his brother, he was confined to his room in virtual imprisonment for fourteen years.

In 1618 he was deposed in favour of his young nephew Osman II, but after the assassination of Osman in 1622 he retook the throne and held it for another year. He was finally deposed and imprisoned by Osman's brother, Murad IV. He would die sixteen years later.