| • Science | • People | • Locations | • Timeline |
| Southern African music | |
|---|---|
| Angola | Botswana |
| Comoros | Lesotho |
| Madagascar | Malawi |
| Mauritius | Mozambique |
| Namibia | Réunion |
| Swaziland | South Africa |
| Zambia | Zimbabwe |
The South African music scene includes both popular (jive) and folk forms. Pop styles are based on two major sources, Zulu a cappella singing and harmonic mbaqanga. South Africa is very diverse, with many native African ethnic groups as well as European and Indian peoples.
Christian missions provided the first organized musical training in the country, producing many of the modern country's earliest musicians, including Enoch Sontonga, who wrote the national anthem Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. By the end of the 19th century, South African cities like Cape Town were large enough to attract foreign musicians, especially American ragtime players. African AmericanAfrican Americans also known as Afro- Americans or black Americans comprise an ethnic group in the United States of America whose dominant ancestry is from Sub-Saharan West Africa. Many African Americans also claim European, Native American, or Asian ance spiritualA spiritual is a African-American song with a religious text. Originally monophonic and a cappella, these songs are antecedents of the blues. Spirituals were songs sung by enslaved people to express their religion. They were first sung by slaves on Southes were popularized in the 1890sEvents and trends Technology Early commercial production of automobiles. Science Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity Discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Rontgen Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius and US geologist Thomas Crowder Chamberlain independently co by Orpheus McAdoo's Jubilee Singers .
In the early 20th century19th century 20th century 21st century more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901- 2000 in the sense of the Gre, governmental restrictions on blacks increased, including a nightly curfewA curfew can be one of the following: # An order by the government for certain persons to return home before a certain time. It can either be to maintain public order (such as that after the 2003 U. Canada blackout), or to suppress targeted groups (such a which kept the night life in JohannesburgJohannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa, and the second most populous in Sub-Saharan Africa behind Lagos. Local residents refer to the city as "Jo'burg," or "Jozi. The Zulu name for the city is "Egoli," which means "place of gold" as forty relatively small for a city of its size (then the largest city south of the SaharaThe Sahara is the world's largest desert, over 3,500,000 sq mi (9,065,000 sq km), located in northern Africa and is 2. 5 million years old. The whole land area of United States of America would fit inside it. Its name Sahara is the Arabic translation of t). MarabiMarabi is an indigenous music that evolved in South Africa over the last century. The early part of the 20th century saw the increasing urbanisation of black South Africans in mining centres such as the gold mining area around Johannesburg the so-caled Wi, a style from the slums of Johannesburg, was popular.
Marabi was played on pianos with accompaniment from pebble-filled cans, often in shebeens, establishments that illegally served alcohol to blacks. By the 1930s, however, marabi had incorporated new instruments, guitars, concertinas and banjos, and new styles of marabi had sprung up. Among these were a marabi/ swing fusion called African jazz and jive, a generic term for any popular marabi style.
South African popular music began in 1912 with the first commercial recordings, but only began booming after 1930 when Eric Gallo 's Brunswick Gramophone House sent several South African musicians to London to record for Singer Records . Gallo went on to begin producing music in South Africa, beginning in 1933.