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The Metaphysical Society was a British society, founded in 1869 by James Knowles. Many of its members were prominent clergymen.
Papers were read and discussed at meetings on such subjects as the ultimate grounds of belief in the objective and moral sciences, the immortality of the soul, etc. A description of one of the meetings was given by Magee (then Bishop of Peterborough) in a letter of February 13 1873:
"Archbishop Manning in the chair was flanked by two Protestant bishops right and left; on my right was Hutton, editor of the Spectator, an Arian; then came Father Dalgairns, a very able Roman Catholic priest; opposite him Lord A. Russell, a Deist; then two Scotch metaphysical writers, Freethinkers; then Knowles, the very broad editor of the Contemporary; then, dressed as a layman and looking like a country squire, was Ward, formerly Rev. Ward, and earliest of the perverts to Rome; then Greg, author of The Creed of Christendom, a Deist; then Froude, the historian, once a deacon in our Church, now a Deist; then Roden Noël, an actual Atheist and red republican, and looking very like one! Lastly Ruskin, who read a paper on miracles, which we discussed for an hour and a half! Nothing could be calmer, fairer, or even, on the whole, more reverent then the discussion. In my opinion, we, the Christians, had much the best of it. Dalgairns, the priest, was very masterly; Manning, clever and precise and weighty; Froude, very acute, and so was Greg. We only wanted a Jew and a Mahommedan to make our Religious Museum complete" (Life, i. 284).
The last meeting of the society was held on May 16, 1880. Huxley said that it died "of too much love"; Tennyson, "because after ten years of strenuous effort no one had succeeded in even defining metaphysics." According to Dean Stanley, "We all meant the same thing if we only knew it."
Members
The members from first to last were as follows:
- Dean Stanley
- John Robert Seeley
- Roden Noël
- James Martineau
- William Benjamin Carpenter
- James Hinton
- Thomas Henry Huxley
- Charles Pritchard
- Richard Holt HuttonRichard Holt Hutton ( June 2, 1826 September 9, 1897) was an English writer and theologian. The son of Joseph Hutton, Unitarian minister at Leeds, he was born at Leeds. His family moved to London in 1835, and he was educated at University College School a
- William George WardWilliam George Ward ( March 21, 1812 July 6, 1882), was an English Roman Catholic theologian, whose career illustrates the development of religious opinion at a time of crisis in the history of English religious thought. He went up to Christ Church, Oxfor
- Walter BagehotWalter Bagehot ( February 3, 1826 March 24, 1877), pronounced “Bajut” , was a nineteenth century British writer and an early editor of The Economist newsmagazine. He was born in Langport, Somerset. He attended University College London, where he earned a
- James Anthony FroudeJames Anthony Froude ( April 23, 1818 October 20, 1894) was an English historian, the brother of William Froude, the engineer and naval architect. The son of RH Froude, archdeacon of Totnes, he was born at Dartington, Devon. He was educated at Westminster
- Alfred Tennyson
- Alfred Barry
- Lord Arthur Russell
- William Ewart GladstoneWilliam Ewart Gladstone ( December 29 1809 May 19 1898) was a British liberal politician and Prime Minister (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886 and 1892-1894). He was a notable political reformer, known for his populist speeches, and was for many years the main p
- Henry Edward Manning
- James Knowles
- Lord Avebury
- Henry AlfordHenry Alford ( October 7, 1810 January 12, 1871) was an English churchman and scholar. He was born in London, of a Somerset family, which had given five consecutive generations of clergymen to the Anglican church. Alford's early years were passed with his
- Alexander Grant
- Connop Thirlwall
- Frederic Harrison
- Father Dalgairns
- Sir George Grove
- Shadworth Hodgson
- Henry Sidgwick
- Edmund Lushington
- Bishop Ellicott
- Mark Pattison
- the Duke of Argyll
- John Ruskin
- Robert Lowe, Viscount Sherbrooke
- Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-Duff
- William Rathbone Greg
- Alexander Campbell Fraser
- Henry Acland
- John Frederick Denison Maurice
- Archbishop Thomson
- Thomas Mozely
- Richard William Church
- William Connor Magee
- George Croom Robertson
- James Fitzjames Stephen
- Sylvester
- John Charles Bucknill
- Andrew Clark
- William Kingdon Clifford
- St George Mivart
- Matthew Boulton
- William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne
- John Morley
- Leslie Stephen
- Frederick Pollock
- FA Gasquet
- C Barnes Upton
- William Withey Gull
- Robert Clarke
- Arthur James Balfour
- James Sully
- Alfred Barratt
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