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"Mediant" also refers to a relationship of musical keys. For example, relative to the key of C major, the key of E major is the mediant. Modulation (changes of key) to the mediant are relatively rare, compared with, say, modulation into the dominant.

In German theory derived from Hugo Riemann the mediant in major is considered the dominant parallel, Dp, and in minor the tonic parallel, tP.

In mathematics, the mediant of two fractions

a/x and b/y

is

(a + b)/(x +y);

that is to say, the numerator and denominator of the mediant are the sums of the numerators and denominators of the given fractions, respectively.