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Originally built in the summer of 1941 as a concentration camp to house Soviet prisoners of war who had been captured following the German attack on Soviet Union which commenced on June 22 of that year (known as Operation Barbarossa), the camp became a Vernichtungslager, or extermination camp, on May 10, 1942 when the first transport of Jews arrived there. While many Jews from Germany, AustriaAustria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, a federation of nine states. Austria is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the and the present-day Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic ( Czech: Ceska republika is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The republic borders Poland to the north, Germany to the northwest and west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. Historic Prague, a major tourist attraction met their deaths there (in most cases almost immediately upon their arrival), the primary purpose of the camp was the extermination of the substantial Jewish community of Minsk and the surrounding area.

On June 28Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. The correct dates for such events need to be determined. June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. Events 1243 Innocent IV bec, 1944Events World War II January January 4 The Battle of Monte Cassino begins. January 5 Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munck January 17 British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River. January 20 The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin;, as the Red ArmyThis article is about the armed forces of the Soviet Union. See Red Army Faction for the German militant group; Japanese Red Army for the Japanese militant group; and People's Liberation Army for the Chinese Red Army. Red Army and RKKA are abbreviations f approached the region, the Nazis bombed the camp in an attempt to obliterate evidence of its existence. No survivors of the camp are known to exist, and estimates of the number of people killed there range from 200,000 to more than half a million.

A memorial has been built at the site of the camp, and attracts thousands of visitors annually, especially since the collapse of the Soviet Union, which has eased travel restrictions.