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In the United Kingdom the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 requires the government to create lists of buildings that are to be specially protected as part of the national heritage. Buildings on these lists are referred to as listed buildings. Other structures such as bridges and even urinals may also be listed.1 Introduction
There are three types of listed status (in descending order of 'importance' and difficulty to obtain planning permission):
- Grade I: buildings of exceptional interest.
- Grade II*: particularly important buildings of special interest.
- Grade II: buildings of special interest.
According to the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which oversees listed building applications and enforcement, there are, as of May 2003, approximately 442,000 listings in place, of which 418,000 (94.5%) are Grade II, 18,000 (4.1%) are Grade II*, and 6,000 (1.4%) are Grade I. There are estimated to be about 500,000 actual buildings listed, as listing entries can apply to more than one building.
The owner of a listed building may not demolish, extend or alter it without receiving special permission from their local planning authority. They may also be compelled to repair and maintain the building in some circumstances.
Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on English Heritage's Buildings At Risk register.
2 Famous listed buildings
2.1 Grade I
2.2 Grade II*
- Aston Hall, Birmingham.
- Trellick TowerTrellick Tower in London was designed by Brutalist architect Erno Goldfinger in the 1960s. It is a 31-story block of flats in North Kensington and is a grade II listed building. It is a sister building to Balfron Tower (in Poplar, east London), which pred, London
- The Elephant House at London ZooLondon Zoo was the world's first scientific zoo. Opened in 1828, and originally intended as a collection for scientific study, it was eventually made open to the public in 1847. Today it houses a collection of more than 650 different species of animals.
- LiverpoolFor alternate uses of "Liverpool" see Liverpool (disambiguation Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary. Liverpool is governed by Liverpool City Council, one of five council Central Library
- etc.
2.3 Grade II
- BT Tower
- Centre PointSee also Sydney Tower, for Centrepoint in Australia Centre Point (sometimes rendered as Centrepoint is a substantial concrete and glass office building in central London, occupying 101-103 New Oxford Street, WC 1, close to St Giles' Circus and almost dire
- Whitechapel Bell FoundryThe Whitechapel Bell Foundry is a bell foundry based in the Whitechapel district of east London. It is Britain's oldest manufacturing company, having been established in 1570 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, and has operated continuously since then.
- and many more famous buildings
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