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D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, commonly called acid, LSD, or LSD-25, is a powerful semisynthetic hallucinogen and psychedelic entheogen. A typical dose of LSD is only 100 micrograms, a tiny amount equal to one-tenth the weight of a grain of sand. LSD causes of a powerful intensification and alteration of senses, feelings, memories, and self-awareness for 6 to 12 hours. In addition, LSD usually produces visual effects such as moving geometric patterns, afterimages ("trails"), and brilliant colors. LSD does usually not produce hallucinations in the strict sense, but instead illusions and vivid daydream-like fantasies. At higher concentrations it can cause synaesthesia. The pharmacological effects can be followed by long-lasting psychological shifts such as changed views and mindset. LSD is synthesized from lysergic acidd-Lysergic acid Chemical name6-Methyl-9,10-didehydro-ergoline-8-carboxylic acidor7-methyl-4,6,6''a 7,8,9-hexahydro-indolo[4,3 fg quinoline-9-carboxylic acid Chemical formulaCHNO Molecular mass268. 31 g/mol Melting point238 240 °C CAS numbers82-58-6, 478-9 and is sensitive to oxygenOxygen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is very common, found not only on Earth but throughout the universe. Molecular oxygen (O, often called free oxygen on Earth is thermodynamically un, ultravioletNote: Ultraviolet is also the name of a 1998 UK television miniseries about vampires. Ultraviolet UV radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than that of soft X-rays. It can be subdivided into light, and chlorineChlorine (from Gr. Chloros meaning "pale green"), is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl . It is a halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. Chlorine gas is greenish yellow, is two and one half times as heavy as air, has an in, especially in solutionsolvent soluble and solubility equilibrium''. table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is one or more substance (the solute) dissolved in another substance (the solvent) forming a homogenous mixture. A common example would be a solid dissolving into a. In pure form it is colorless, odorless, and bitter. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugarcube, or gelatin, although it is also possible to deliver it via food or drink. In all these preparations, LSD is tasteless.
"LSD" is an abbreviation of the GermanGerman (called Deutsch in German in which germanisch refers to prechristian times), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and one of the world's major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. chemical name of the compound, Lysergsäure-diäthylamid. It was first synthesized in 1938Events January -June January 3 The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. January 11 Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. January 20 Wedding of king Farouk I of Egypt and Farida Zulficar in Cai by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann in Basel at the Sandoz Laboratories as part of a large research program dealing with ergot alkaloid derivatives. Its psychedelic effects were unknown until Hofmann returned to work on the chemical 5 years later in 1943. He attributed the discovery to absorption through the skin of a microscopic amount due to accidental contact, which led to testing it on himself for psychoactivity (full story).
Until 1966, LSD and psilocybin were provided by Sandoz Laboratories free of charge to interested scientists. The use of these compounds by psychiatrists to gain a better subjective understanding of the schizophrenic experience was an accepted practice. Many clinical trials were conducted on the potential use of LSD in psychedelic psychotherapy, with generally very positive results. LSD first became popular recreationally among a small group of mental health professionals such as psychiatrists and psychologists during the 1950s, as well as by socially prominent and politically powerful individuals such as Henry and Clare Boothe Luce.
Cold War era intelligence services were keenly interested in the possibilities of using LSD for interrogation and mind control (see MK-ULTRA), and also for large-scale social engineering (see counterculture). The CIA conducted extensive research on LSD, which was mostly destroyed.Several mental health professionals, notably Harvard psychology professors Drs. Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert (later known as Ram Dass), became convinced of LSD's potential as a tool for spiritual growth. They were dismissed from the traditional psychological community, and spread LSD use to a much wider portion of the public as countercultural spiritual gurus among the hippies of the 1960s. The drug was banned in the United States in 1967 as it became increasingly associated with the counterculture and hippies. The United States government began a massive propaganda effort to demonize the drug, often through spreading misleading or patently false memes on its effects in anti-drug education programs in schools. American usage declined in the 1970s and 1980s, probably as a result of these programs.
Tours by psychedelic rock band The Grateful Dead were identified by the DEA as a primary illicit distribution channel. In the 1990s, LSD became popular in rave subculture. American LSD usage declined sharply circa 2000 following the largest LSD manufacturing raid in DEA history, with the arrest of two chemists whom the DEA claims were manufacturing 95% of the LSD sold in America and much of the European supply.