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Kola peninsula is exremely rich with different ores and minerals, including apatites, alumina sources, iron ore, mica, ceramic raw, titanium ore, phlogopite, vermiculite, ores of less-common and colored metals. The Kola Superdeep Borehole is the deepest borehole in the world.

Despite its northern location, the Kola Peninsula has a relatively warm and mild climate, because of the influence of warm Atlantic currents. The average temperature in January is about -10C, in July about +10C. The peninsula is covered by Taiga in the south and tundraIn physical geography, tundra is an area where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia which means treeless plain. There are three types of tundra: arctic tundra antarctic in the north.

The Kola peninsula has a lot of impetuous rivers with rapids on them. The most importaint of them are: Ponoy River , Varzuga River , Teriberka River , Voronya River , Iokanga River . The major lakes are: Imandra Lake , Umbozero Lake , Lovozero Lake .

The major port of the region: MurmanskMurmansk is a city in the extreme northwest of Russia with a seaport on the Kola Gulf, 20 miles from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland. It has 308 100 inhabitants (2004) and i.