| • Science | • People | • Locations | • Timeline |
Kibbutz members are not paid salaries, but their kibbutz is expected to provide for their material needs. Collective child care is common. Some kibbutzim also have military functions.
The word kibbutz originated from the Classical Hebrew word kvutza, meaning "group". Kibbutzim is the Hebrew plural.
The kibbutz is a phenomenon particular to the state of Israel. The first kibbutzim settlements were founded by idealistic Jews motivated by Zionism and socialism to establish communal agricultural settlements in Ottoman Palestine. They were primarily funded by donations from American Jews.
The first kibbutzim were founded in 1909 around the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. The first kibbutz, Degania , trained new settlers in agricultureFarming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). Agriculture is also known as farming . and in the construction of new settlements. Among the famous people who were trained in Kinneret was the Israeli poet Rachel (רחל).
In the following years, more and more kibbutzim were established, mainly in the GalileeGalilee (Hebrew hagalil , Arabic al-jaleel ), meaning circuit is a large area located in what is currently northern Israel ( Tzafon), traditionally divided into three parts: Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee and Western Galilee. Geography Galilee embraces more and nearby Jezrael valley .
In the 1940Events January-February January 5 FM radio is demonstrated to the FCC for the first time. January 6 World War II: Mass execution of Poles, committed by Germans in the Poznan, Warthegau. January 12 World War II: Russia bombs cities in Finland. February 2 Fs, new kibbutzim were established in the northern part of the NegevThe Negev Standard Hebrew Negev / Nagev Tiberian Hebrew Nee / Ne Arabic an-Naqab is the desert region of southern Israel. In Biblical Hebrew Negev means south. Geographically, the over 13,000kmē Negev forms an inverted triangle whose western side is conti desert and, after the founding of the state of Israel, in Arava , the south-eastern part of the Negev, an area offered by the British for the establishment of the new state.
Social scientists attempted to study the question: What are the effects of life without private property? One such study was made in 1969For other uses, see Number 1969. For the movie, see 1969 (movie). Events January January 1 Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch purchases the largest selling British Sunday newspaper The News Of The World January 5 The Derry Riots leave over 100 people i by the psychologist Bruno BettelheimBruno Bettelheim ( August 28, 1903 March 13, 1990) was a writer and child psychologist. When his father died, he had to leave university to take care of the family lumber business. After ten years he did go back however, and earned a degree in philosophy,. He noted that children brought up in that communal environment seem to experience greater difficulty in making strong emotional commitments thereafter, such as falling in love or forming a lasting friendship. On the other hand, they appear to find it easier to have a large number of less-involved friendships, and a more active social life.
Bettelheim also wrote: "Nowhere more than in the kibbutz did I realize the degree to which private property, in the deep layers of the mind, relates to private emotionIn psychology, and in ordinary language, emotion is used to describe a state of a person. Examples of emotions are fear, anger, joy, hate; see list of emotions. Emotional state is related to mood, sometimes even identified with it, although emotions are gs. If one is absent, the other tends to be absent as well". This line of argument, however, raises many questions. For example, are there similar psychological effects in other communities which have abolished private property? Or, if some emotions are linked to private property, and if private property is itself the creation of civilization, subsequent to all the pre-civilized operation of natural selection upon the human genome, then how did these emotions develop in the first place?
Other researchers came to a conclusion that children growing up in these tightly knit communities tend to see the other children around them as ersatz siblings and prefer to seek mates outside the community when they reach maturity. As a result, they often abandon kibbutz life as adults.