Jupiter (god) Name And Titles Other Titles Of Roman Jupiter

Topics in Roman mythology
Important Gods:
Jupiter Mars Quirinus Vesta Juno Diana Fortuna	Minerva Mercury Vulcan Ceres Venus Lares
Legendary History:
Aeneas Romulus	Numa Early Kings
Roman religion
The Flamens
Greek/Roman myth compared

In Roman mythology, Jupiter (Jove) held the same role as Zeus in the Greek pantheon. He was called Jupiter Optimus Maximus as the patron deity of the Roman state, in charge of laws and social order.

This article focuses on Jupiter in early Rome and in cultic practice. For information on mythological accounts of Jupiter, which are heavily influenced by Greek mythology, see Zeus.

1 Name and Titles

Other Latin gods, such as Dius Fidius and Dis or Dispiter also bore similarly cognate names. Dius Fidius was sometimes considered an aspect of Jupiter, while Dis was considered entirely separate.

Many other Italic tribes invoked their chief divinities under similar names: "Diu-" or "Iuve-"

1.1 Other Titles of Roman Jupiter:

2 Jupiter and Roman Sovereignty

The several aspects of sovereignty implied by some of Jupiter's titles are made explicit in the legendary history of early Rome (as transmitted, for example, in the PlutarchMestrius Plutarch (c. 120) was a Greek historian/ biographer and essayist. Born in the small town of Chaeronea, in the Greek region known as Boeotia, probably during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius, Mestrius Plutarch travelled widely in the Medite's Roman Lives and the first few books of LivyTitus Livius (around 59 BC AD 17), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome from its supposed founding in 753 BC. Life and Works The book's title, Ab Urbe Condita ("From the Founding of the City"), makes Livy's ambition clear, but not). Thus the warlike Romulus invokes Jupiter Stator to halt and terrify Rome's enemies, while the peaceful legislator Numa PompiliusAccording to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. His wife, the goddess Egeria, met him by a spring in a sacred grove and taught him how to be a wise legislator. He was later celebrated for his piety. Wishing to has a close relationship with Dius Fidius, who presides over oaths.

Jupiter also stands at the head of the Archaic Triad of Jupiter, MarsMars was the Roman god of war and the son of Juno and a magical flower (or Zeus) and initially was the Roman god of fertility and vegetation, and protector of cattle, but later he became associated with battle. As the god of spring, when his major festiva and QuirinusIn Roman mythology, Quirinus was a mysterious god. At first he probably was a Sabine god. Sabines had a settlement near the future site of Rome, and they called one of their sites, in which they had erected an altar, the Collis Quirinalis (" Quirinal Hill. This grouping has been seen as a religious representation of early Roman society, wherein:

Jupiter stands in for the ritual and augural authority of the Flamen Dialis and the chief priestly colleges.
Mars, with his warrior and agricultural functions, stands in for the power of the king and young nobles to bring prosperity and victory through sympathetic magic with rituals like the October Horse and the Lupercalia.
Quirinus, from co-viri "men together", stands in for the combined strength of the Roman populus.

Later, during the Imperial period, the emperors Claudius and Domitian adopted traits of Jupiter in their portraiture, to emphasize their sovereignty over the whole world.

3 Capitoline Jupiter

The largest temple in Rome was that of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill. Here he was worshipped alongside Juno and Minerva, forming the Capitoline Triad. Temples to Jupiter Optimus Maximus or the Capitoline Triad as a whole were commonly built by the Romans at the center of new cities in their colonies.

4 References

Article "Jupiter" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary. BooksEnthsiast.com.
Georges Dumézil, Archaic Roman Religion. BooksEnthsiast.com.
Georges Dumézil, Mitra-Varuna. BooksEnthsiast.com.

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