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• 1298 - Battle of Falkirk (1298): England's Edward Longshank defeats William Wallace's Scottish rebels
• 1568 - Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau
• 1718 - Treaty of Passarowitz signed.
• 1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Kuchuk-KainarjiThe Treaty of Kucuk Kainarji was signed on July 21, 1774, between Russia and the Ottoman Empire after the Ottoman Empire was defeated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774. The treaty allowed Ottoman Christians to sail under the Russian flag, which was ve ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-74The Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 followed the internal tensions within Poland where there was the strife between the nobility and the king Stanilaus Augustus Poniatowski, former favorite of the Russian Empress Catharine II. The king was dependent on the.
• 1831Events February- March Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops February 20 Battle of Grochow. Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army. March 1 Democrat Samuel Smith becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States - Inauguration of Leopold I of BelgiumKing Leopold I Leopold I first King of the Belgians, ( December 16, 1790 December 10, 1865), was born in Ehrenburg Castle in the Bavarian town of Coburg, and named "Georges Chretien Frederic. He was the youngest son of Duke Francis Frederick of Saxe-Cobur, first king of the BelgiansFor alternate meanings, see Belgium (disambiguation). Belgian redirects here. For the horse breed commonly used as a draft horse, see Belgian. The Kingdom of Belgium ( Dutch: Belgi French: Belgique German: Belgien is a country in Western Europe, bordered.
• 18611861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. Events January January 1 Benito Juarez captures Mexico City January 2 Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I January 3 American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United - American Civil WarThe American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as "the U. the Union," " the North," or "the Yankees"; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as "the Confederat: First Battle of Bull RunThe First Battle of Bull Run also referred to as the First Battle of Manassas ( July 21, 1861) was the first major land battle of the American Civil War. The difference in the two names results from the difference in naming conventions used by each side i - At Manassas Junction, Virginia , the first major battle of the war begins ( Confederate victory).
• 1865 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
• 1873 - At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American West.
• 1877 - After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of 9 rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
• 1925 - Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
• 1931 - CBS's New York City station begins broadcasting the first regular seven days a week television schedule in the U. S.
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Guam - American troops land on Guam starting the battle (ends on August 10).
• 1954 - First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
• 1961 - Mercury program: Gus Grissom piloting the Mercury 4 capsule "Liberty Bell 7" becomes the second American to go into orbit around the Earth.
• 1963 - Pope Paul VI elected by College of Cardinals.
• 1970 - After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
• 1984 - In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in apparently the first robot-related death in the United States.
• 1995 - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
• 1997 - The fully restored USS Constitution (aka "Old Ironsides") celebrates her 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
• 2002 - Telecom giant WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the largest such filing in United States history.
• 2004 - The United Kingdom government publishes Delivering Security in a Changing World, a paper detailing wide-ranging reform of the country's armed forces.