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The NDP suffered a massive electoral blow in the May 16, 2001 provincial election, winning only two seats, one of which was MacPhail's. Exactly one month later MacPhail was appointed as the party's interim leader. She was a harsh critic of the new Liberal Premier Gordon Campbell, often fueled by the Premier's refusal to grant MacPhail the status of Leader of the Official Opposition on the basis of her party's small representation, despite the fact that she led the only other party in the legislature. MacPhail stepped down as leader in 2003 and was replaced by Carole James.

MacPhail is the great-grandaughter of Agnes Macphail, the first woman ever elected to the Parliament of CanadaParliament Hill's Centre Block houses both the Commons and Senate. The Parliament of Canada (in French: le Parlement du Canada is Canada's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. According to Section 17 of the Constitution Act, 1.