Home > Jean Jaurès

He was born at Castres ( Tarn) and educated at the lycée Louis-le-Grand and the école normale supérieure. He took his degree as associate in philosophy in 1881. After teaching philosophy for two years at the lycée of Albi (Tarn), he lectured at the University of Toulouse. He was elected republican deputy for the département of Tarn in 1885. In 1889, after unsuccessfully contesting Castres, he returned to his professional duties at ToulouseToulouse Tolosa in Occitan) is a city in southwest France on the banks of the Garonne River, half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of 1. 05 million inhabitants, the Toulouse metropolitan area is the second larges, where he took an active interest in municipal affairs, and helped to found the medical faculty of the university. He also prepared two theses for his doctorate in philosophy, De primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel (1891), and De la réalité du monde sensible.

In 1902Events January-April January 28 The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisy's L'evangile et l'Eglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 Police beat up universal suffrage he gave energetic support to the miners of Carmaux who went out on strike in consequence of the dismissal of a socialist workman, Calvignac; and in the next year he was re-elected to the chamber as deputy for Albi. Although he was defeated at the election of 1898Events January 1 New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. January 13 Emile Zola's J'accus and was for four years outside the chamber, his eloquent speeches made him a force in politics as an intellectual champion of socialism. He edited the Petite Republique , and was one of the most energetic defenders of Alfred DreyfusAlfred Dreyfus ( October 9, 1859 July 12, 1935) was a French military officer best known for being the focus of the Dreyfus affair. Born in Mulhouse, Alsace, France, Dreyfus was the youngest of seven children in the family of a Jewish textile manufacturer. He approved of the inclusion of Alexandre MillerandAlexandre Millerand ( February 10, 1859 April 7, 1943 at Versailles, France) was a French socialist and politician. He was president of France from September 23, 1920 to June 11, 1924 and Prime Minister of France January 20 to September 23, 1920 Born in P, the socialist, in the Waldeck-Rousseau ministry, though this led, to a split with the more revolutionary section led by Jules GuesdeJules Basile Guesde ( November 11, 1845 July 28, 1922) was a French socialist politician. Born in Paris, he began his career as a clerk in the French Home Office, but on the outbreak of the Franco-German War he was editing Les Droits de l'homme at Montpel.

In 1902Events January-April January 28 The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisy's L'evangile et l'Eglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 Police beat up universal suffrage he was again returned as deputy for Albi, and during the Combes administration his influence secured the coherence of the radical-socialist coalition known as the bloc. In 1904 he founded the socialist paper, L'HumanitéL'Humanit ("Humanity") is the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF). It was founded in 1904 by the Socialist Party leader Jean Jaures. When the Socialists split in 1920, the Communists retained control of L'Humanit and it has been published. The French socialist groups held a congress at Rouen in March 1905, which resulted in a new consolidation; the new party, headed by Jaurès and Guesde, ceased to co-operate with the radicals and radical-socialists, and became known as the unified socialists, pledged to advance a collectivist programme. At the general elections of 1906, Jaurès was again elected for the Tarn. His ability was now generally recognized; but the strength of the socialist party still had to reckon with the equally practical and vigorous liberalism of Georges Clemenceau, who was able to appeal to his countrymen (in a notable speech in the spring of 1906) to rally to a radical programme which had no socialist Utopia in view. Clemenceau's image as a strong and practical radical leader considerably diminished the effect of the socialist propaganda. Jaurès, in addition to his daily journalistic activity, published Les preuves; affaire Dreyfus (1900); Action socialiste (1899); Etudes socialistes (1902), and, with other collaborators, Histoire socialiste (1901), etc.

A committed pacifist who wished to prevent by diplomatic means what became the First World War, Jean Jaurès was assassinated in a Paris café by Raoul Villain on July 31, 1914, one day before the mobilizations that began the war.

This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.