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D'Erlon was born in Reims, and in 1792 served as a corporal in the pre-revolutionary army, being elected to captain the following year. In 1799 he was promoted to Brigadier (general), and fought under André Masséna in Switzerland. The same year he distinguished himself at the Second Battle of Zurich. He continued his service in many battles througout the Napoleonic Wars including Hohenlinden in 1800Events March 14 Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected pope Pius VII. March 21 Pius VII becomes Pope April 24 US Library of Congress founded. May 15 Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy. June 14 Battle of Marengo, Napoleon defeats the Au (in which he was wounded), the HanoverAlternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), other uses Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the Leine river, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony Niedersachsen in Germany. It is also the c region (earning him promotion to Major GeneralMajor General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derieved from the older rank of "Sergeant Major General". A major general is a high-ranking officer subordinate to a full General. In the United States Army, Marine Corps and Air Force a Major in 1803Events January 30 Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans. They end completing the Louisiana Purchase. February 24 The Supreme Court of the United States, in Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of judicial r), AusterlitzAt the Battle of Austerlitz ( December 2, 1805), during Napoleonic War of the Third Coalition, a French force of approximately 73,000 under Napoleon decisively defeated a joint Russo-Austrian force of over 89,000, commanded by Russian General Kutuzov with in 1805Events January 11 Michigan Territory is created. February 15 Harmony Society officially formed March 1 Justice Samuel Chase acquitted of impeachment charges by the U. Senate April 27 United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (T (his first battle as Division commander), and JenaThe Battle of Jena was part of the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt fought on October 14, 1806, in Jena, in today's Germany, and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Prussians under General Hohenlohe. Hegel, who was then a professor a in 1806.
In 1807, as chief of staff for Francois Lefebvre at the siege of Danzig, he negotiated the terms of surrender. The same year he was wounded in the foot at Friedland.
In March, 1809, as chief of staff of the Bavarian Army, he fought in Tyrol against the partisans of Andréas Hofer . Later in the year he is given the command of the 9th army corps of Spain, after which he defeated Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill in Extremadura. The following years brought him successes in Portugal, and in the Peninsular War.
In 1814 d'Erlon transferred his alligence to the House of Bourbon along with the rest of the army. The next year he accepted the command of the 16th military division under Napoleon from Marshal Davout. At Waterloo he commanded 1st French Army corps. It was his column which attacked the Allies centre near La Haye Sainte at 13:30 and was stopped by Picton's Peninsular War veterans, and then attacked in the flanks by British heavy cavalry. After the surrender of Napoleon, d'Erlon entered exile in Munich.
In 1825 he was granted amnesty by Charles X, though he later supported the Juilletistes in the July Revolution in 1830, where he was given the command of the 12th Division (Nantes). He returned to France shortly thereafter, during the reign of Louis-Philippe. The year following the revolution his division suppressed a Vendean revolt and arrested the Duchess of Berry .
In 1834 d'Erlon was named governor-general of Algeria, although after the defeat of the French army under General Trezelon on the banks of the Macta in 1835, D'Erlon was recalled to France and replaced.
D'Erlon was granted the title marshal of France in 1843; the following year he died in Paris.