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Hašek was born in Prague, the son of middle-school math teacher Josef Hašek and his wife Katerina. Poverty forced the family, with three children -- another son Bohuslav, three years Jaroslav's younger, and an orphan cousin Maria -- to move often, more than ten times during his infancy. He never knew a real home, and this rootlessness clearly influenced his life of wanderlust. When he was thirteen, Hašek's father died, and his mother was unable to raise him firmly. The teenage boy dropped out of high school at the age of 15 to become a druggist, but eventually graduated from business school. He worked briefly as a bank officer, but later preferred the liberated profession of a writer.
Hašek made fun of everyone and everything, including himself. He cared nothing for style or schools of literature -- he considered his work a job, not art -- and wrote spontaneously. He made jokes not only on paper, but also in real life, angering many who considered him lazy, irresponsible, a vagabond, a drunkard, etc.
In 1910 he married Jarmila Mayerová , herself an author, but when he was captured by the Russians during World War I, he married again in Russia. After the Russian Revolution he joined the Red Army and became a political commissar, but returned again to Prague after the war.
Before the war, in 1911, he wrote his first stories about Švejk, but it was only after the war in his glorious novel that Švejk was to become a sancta simplicitas, a cheerful idiot who joked about the war as if it were a tavern brawl. By this time Hašek had become gravely ill and dangerously overweight. He no longer wrote, but dictated the chapters of Švejk from his bedroom in the town of LipniceLipnice nad Sazavou is a town in the Vysocina region of the Czech Republic. It is where at , Czech author Jaroslav HaSek wrote a substantial part (books Two, Three, and Four) of The Good Soldier Svejk before he died in 1923. Jaroslav HaSek is buried at th, where he unexpectly died in 1923, not yet 40 years old.
Since his death, many of Hašek's short stories have been collected and published in book form.