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Islam began to grow in the 7th century and in the following centuries, the Islamic Empire expanded to include Northern Africa, Middle East and parts of Spain. The capital of this powerful empire was Baghdad, which became a major cultural centre, favorized by its location at the crossroads of the Eastern and Western worlds.
Science was encouraged by the caliphs of Baghdad of the Abbasid family, the " House of Wisdom", an academy of science being established. They gathered important Sanskrit and Greek manuscripts and scholars studied and translated them. Some of them were thus saved during the Dark Ages in which Europe entered at the time.
Ancient Greek mathematics had an important role in the evolution of Arabic science, especially works like Euclid's classic geometry, and it is thought that they helped creating the era of Islamic scientifical inovation that lasted until 14th century.
An important figure of the Islamic mathematics was Al-Khwarizmi, the astronomerAn astronomer or astrophysicist is a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics. Henrietta Swan Leavitt discovered the relationship between the luminosty and periodicity of variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds. Historians often argue of the caliph of Baghdad. He wrote several important books and it is today known for introducing the place-value decimal system, which we use today. The system was developed in IndiaThe Republic of India is a large multicultural country in South Asia, with a population of over one billion. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, and is the world's second-fastest growing economy. in the 6th century5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Persia by the Persian Shah Khosrau I. Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known, but it was known to Europeans only in the 13th century12th century 13th century 14th century other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. Events Fourth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam Fall of, from a Latin translation of Al-Khwarizmi. European Medieval mathematical works used the phrase "dixit AlgorismAbu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi Algorism is the name for the Indo-Arabic decimal system of writing and working with numbers, in which symbols (the ten digits 0 through 9) are used to describe values using a place-value system ( positional notai" ("so says Al-Khwarizmi") when used the decimal system and from this is derived the word " algorithmFlowcharts were often used to represent algorithms. An algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will result in a corresponding recognisable end-state (contrast with heuristic). Algor". Also the word AlgebraAlgebra Algebra (from the Arabic al-jabr meaning reunion connection or completion is a branch of mathematics which may be roughly characterized as a generalization and extension of arithmetic; it also refers to a particular kind of abstract algebra struct is derived from one of his works, Al-Jabr , which dealed with equationAlgebra This article is about equations in mathematics. For equations in chemistry, see chemical equation. In mathematics, one often (not quite always) distinguishes between an identity which is an assertion that two expressions are equal regardless of ths, polynomials, etc.