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Room temperature ionic liquids consist of bulky and asymmetric organic cations such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium, N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium or ammonium ions. A wide range of anions is employed, from simple halides which inflect high melting points, to inorganic anions such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate and to large organic anions like bis-trifluorsulfonimide, triflate or tosylate. As one example, the melting point of 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is about -80 °C, and it is a colorless liquid with high viscosity at room temperature.

The notable characteristics of ionic liquids are their non-measurable vapor pressure, non-flammability, thermal stability, wide liquid range, and solvating properties for diverse kinds of materials. It is known that, as in conventional organic solvents, many kinds of chemical reactions such as Diels-Alder reactions and Friedel-Crafts reactions occur in ionic liquids. Another important feature of ionic liquids is their designability: miscibility with water or organic solvents can be tuned through sidechain lengths on the cation and choice of anion. Furthermore, they can be functionalized to act as acids, baseA base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases and acids are referred to as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion concentration in water, whereass or ligandIn chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion or functional group that is bonded to one or more central atoms or ions, usually metals generally through co-ordinate covalent bond. An array of such ligands around a centre is termed a complex. The central atom usuas.

Because of their properties, ionic liquids attract great attention in many fields, including organic chemistryOrganic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. Organic nomenclature Organic nomenclature is the system established for naming and grouping organic compounds. Aliphatic co, electrochemistryElectrochemistry is the study of the electronic and electrical aspects of chemical reactions. The elements involved in an electrochemical reaction are characterized by the number of electrons each has. The oxidation state of an ion is the number of electr, physical chemistryPhysical chemistry is the study of the physical basis of chemical systems and processes. Modern physical chemistry is firmly grounded upon physics. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, quantum chemistry, statistical and engineeringEngineering is the application of science to the needs of humanity. This is accomplished through knowledge, mathematics, and practical experience applied to the design of useful objects or processes. Professional practitioners of engineering are called en. In addition, their non-volatility results in low impact on the environment and human health, and they are recognized as solvents for green chemistryGreen Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Whereas environmental chemistry is the chemistry of the natural environment, and of pollutant chemicals in nature, gr.