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Iliescu was a leader of the revolution that overthrew Nicolae Ceausescu in December 1989. He was elected president on May 20, 1990, and after the adoption of the 1991 constitution, he won another 4-year term in 1992. He was defeated in the 1996 election by Emil Constantinescu, but won the 2000 election and began his current third term on December 20 of that year.

Iliescu was a member of Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and held state office before the overthrow of Ceausescu. He was a founding member of the National Salvation Front (FSN: Frontul Salvarii Nationale), and followed it in its vagaries: FDSN (Frontul Democrat al Salvarii Nationale), then the Democratic Socialist Party of Romania (PDSR), then the Social Democratic Party (PSD) (see Social Democratic Party of RomaniaThe Social Democratic Party of Romania Partidul Social Democrat or PSD) is the governing party of Romania. In April 1992, the struggle for power inside the National Salvation Front (FSN) between the more hard-line group led by Ion Iliescu and the more ref).

His political convictions have changed with the times, from a staunch proponent of socialismFor information on mainstream political parties using the term "Socialist", see Social democracy and Democratic socialism For the governments of the USSR, the PRC, and others, see: Communist state Other variants of Socialism include Marxism, Communism, an to that of a social democrat.

see also Politics of RomaniaRomania's 1991 constitution, amended in 2003 proclaims Romania a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. It also states that "human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, just