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The International Latitude Observatories were a system of (originally) six Observatories located near the Parallel of 39 degrees 8 minutes north latitude. They were used to measure the variation in Latitude which occurs as a result of the wobble of the Earth on its polar axis. The original six observatories were located in:

Gaithersburg, Maryland
Cincinnati, Ohio
Ukiah, California
Mizusawa, Japan
Charjui, Turkestan
Carloforte, Italy

A good description of the Latitude Observatory system can be found in this page on the

Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory in the National Park Service's Links to the Past website.

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