Ingria History Swedish Ingria Province Of Saint Petersburg

Ingria never came to form a state, the Ingrians can hardly be said to have been a nation, although their " nationality" was recognized in the Soviet Union, and as an ethnos the Ingrians are about to perish together with their language. But still many people recognize their own belonging to an Ingrian heritage.

1 History

In the Viking age/late Iron Age, from the 750s and on, Ingria was the bridgehead on the Varangian trade route to Eastern EuropeEastern Europe is, by convention, a region defined geographically as that part of Europe covering the eastern part of the continent. Generally this means that it lies between the Ural and Caucasus mountains and the western border of Russia, or alternative. A Varangian aristocracyAristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an "upper class" known as aristocrats . The Greek origins of the word aristocracy imply the meaning of "rule by the best". This inevitably means those with the power to hold wealth, developed, that ultimately would advance to rulers in NovgorodFor other cities named Novgorod see Novgorod (disambiguation). Novgorod is a city in North-Western Russia. Since 1998 the official name of the city is Velikiy Novgorod Great Novgorod . It is the capital of Novgorod Oblast. The city lies along the Volkhov and Kievan Rus'Kievan Rus&prime Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Kyivska Rus in Ukrainian) was the early mostly East Slavic state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: , Kiev uk: , Kyiv , from about 860 to the middle of the 12th century. The reigns of St. Vladimir ( 980- 1015) an; allegedly bringing peace between the warring FinnicFinnic Fennic sometimes Baltic Finnic may refer to Finnish-similar languages spoken close to the Gulf of Finland, i. the Balto-Finnic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric languages. Finnic may also refer to the settled peoples speaking these languages, and their f and SlavicThe Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. They speak Slavic languages and reside chiefly in the east of that continent, but are also found in Asia east to the Pacific Ocean. Ethno-cultural subdivisions One c tribes.

The ancient NovgorodFor other cities named Novgorod see Novgorod (disambiguation). Novgorod is a city in North-Western Russia. Since 1998 the official name of the city is Velikiy Novgorod Great Novgorod . It is the capital of Novgorod Oblast. The city lies along the Volkhovian land Vod was called Ingermanland by the Swedes, Anglicized to "Ingria". It is said to be named after the daughter Ingegärd/Ingigerd of the Swedish king Olof SkötkonungOlof of Sweden Olof the Tax-king Olof Skotkonung or Skautkonung the first Christian king in Sweden, reigned between 995 and 1022. He was baptized in Husaby, Gotaland in 1008. His father Eric the Victorious, is said to have been baptized, but later when re ( 995Events ( Erik Segersall) is succeeded by ( Olof Skotkonung), the first baptized ruler of Sweden. See Swedish monarchs. Births Canute the Great (approximate) (d. 1035) Guido of Arezzo, inventor of musical notation (d. 1050) Deaths February 5 William IV, Du- 1022). She got married in 1019 to Yaroslav I the Wise, the ruler of Novgorod.

In the 12th century, Ingria was conquered by, and joined to, Novgorod. It followed centuries of frequent wars, chiefly between Russians and Swedes, but also Danes and Teutonic Knights were many times involved. The latter established a stronghold in Narva, supplied by the Russian castle Ivangorod on the opposite side of River Narva in 1492.

2 Swedish Ingria

Main article: Swedish Ingria

Ingria fell to Sweden in the 1580s, was returned to Russia by the Treaty of Teusina ( 1595), and again ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Stolbova ( 1617). Sweden's interest of the territory was strategical: as a buffer zone against Russian attacks on the Karelian Isthmus and present-day Finland; and Russian trade was to pass through Swedish territory. In addition, Ingria became the destination for Swedish deportees.

Ingria remained sparsely populated. In 1664 the population was counted to 15,000. Swedish attempts to introduce Lutheranism were met with repugnance by the Orthodox peasantry obliged to attend Lutheran services; converts were promised grants and tax reductions, but Lutheran gains were most of all due to voluntary resettlements from Savolax and Finnish Karelia. Ingermanland was enfeoffed to noble militaries and state officials, bringing their own Lutheran servants and workmen.

3 Province of Saint Petersburg

In the early 1700s the area was reconquered by Russia in the Great Northern War after about 100 years in Swedish possession. On the place of the Swedish town Nyen close to the Neva river's estuary at the Gulf of Finland, the new Russian capital Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703.

In 1710 Ingria was designated as the Province of Saint Petersburg. (In 1927 renamed to the Leningrad Province, and although Leningrad changed name again, in 1991, back to Saint Petersburg, the region is still called Leningradkaja oblast .)

4 Demography

The Votes, along with the Izhorians (Ingrians proper), are the indigenous people of historical Ingria (Inkeri in Finnish). Another people of the area are the " Ingrian Finns", descendants from Lutheran emigrants from present-day Finland of the 17th century. The term Ingrian is mainly used for the Izhorians, but sometimes confusingly also for Ingrian Finns.

These populations were all wiped out of Ingria during the Soviet period. 63,000 fled to Finland during World War II, and were required back by Stalin after the war. Most were executed as unreliables or became victims of population transfers; and the remainder, including some post-Stalin returnees, was in any case outnumbered by a numerous Russian immigration. After the fall of Communism in 1991, surviving Ingrian Finns have been allowed to emmigrate to Finland.

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