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The Indus River in northern Pakistan, near the rock Aornus.

1 Course and Hydrology

1.1 Course

The ultimate source of the Indus is actually in Tibet; it begins at the confluence of the Sengge River and Gar River that drain the Nganglong Kangri and Gangdise Shan ranges. The Indus then flows northwest through Gilgit-Baltistan just south of the Karakoram range, then gradually bends to the south, coming out of the hills between Peshawar and Rawalpindi. It is dammed in this area also, forming the Tarbela Reservoir . The remainder of its route to the sea is in plains of the Punjab and Sind, and the river becomes slow-flowing and highly braided. Passing by Hyderabad, it ends in a large delta to the southeast of Karachi.

1.2 Tributaries

• Gilgit River
• Gizar River
• Hunza River
• Gumal River
• Zhob River
• Kabul River
• Kunar River
• Sutlej River
• Beas River
• Chenab River
• Jhelum RiverThe Jhelum River is the largest and most western of the five rivers of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Indus river. It was called the Hydaspes by the the ancient Greeks. Alexander the Great crossed the Jhelum in 326 B. to defeat
• Ravi RiverA river 450 mi (724 km) long in north India flowing southwest to the Chenab and forming part of boundary between E. Punjab ( India ) and W. Punjab ( Pakistan). Indian rivers.

1.3 Other

The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal boreA tidal bore (or just bore is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river against the direction of the current. As such, it is a true tidal wave''. A bore occurs in a relatively.

2 History and Archeology

The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world. Its name comes from the Sanskrit word for river, 'sindhu', from which the 's' was dropped by its adoption into Persian. This gave the Persians the name of the land associated with the river 'Hindu' and the Greeks, dropping the 'H', 'Indus'. Its name was given to the entire subcontinent by the Romans, who adopted it to the current 'India'.

3 Wildlife

The Indus River Dolphin, modern genetic studies show, lives both in the Indus River and in the GangesThe River Ganges Ganga in Indian languages) is a major river in northern India. It originates as the Bhagirathi from the Gangotri Glacier in the Uttaranchal Himalayas and joins the Alaknanda near Deoprayag to form the Ganga. Then on, the Ganga flows acros. The two populations were formerly considered distinct species. It formerly occurred in the tributaries of the Indus also and may have extended into the northwestern extremities of the Indian Province of Punjab. Located southeast of Karachi, the large delta has been recognised by conservationists as one of the world's most important ecological regions.