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As a geographic term, Indochina can also include Thailand and Burma.
France assumed sovereignty over Annam and Tonkin after the Franco-Chinese WarThe Franco- Chinese War lasted from September 1881 to 1885. Hanoi was seized by French forces in April 1882. On August 25, 1883 the Hue treaty was signed between the emperor of Annam and France. 11 May and 9 June 1884 Treaties of Tien Tsin; China signed t ( 18841884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). Events January 4 The Fabian Society is founded in London. February 1 Edition one of the Oxford English Dictionary is published. March 13 The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on Janu– 18851885 is a common year starting on Thursday (click on link for calendar) Events January January 4 The first successful appendectomy is performed (Dr. William Grant; patient was Mary Gartside). January 20 L. Thompson patents the roller coaster. January 26 T). Indochina was formed in October 18871887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). Events January 20 The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base. January 21 The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed January 26 Battle of Dogali: A from Annam, Tonkin, Cochin China, and the Khmer Republic; Laos was added in 1893Events January 1 Japan accepts the Gregorian calendar January 2 Introduction by Webb C. Ball of the General Railroad Timepiece Standards in North America: Railroad chronometers January 13 The Independent Labour Party of the UK has its first meeting. Janua. The federation lasted until 1954Events January events January 14 The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator forming the American Motors Corporation January 14 Marilyn Monroe weds Joe DiMaggio. January 15 Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in Kenya January 20 The Nati. The capital of Indochina was HanoiHanoi ( Vietnamese: Ha Ni; Chinese: ), estimated population 3,500,800 ( 1997), is the capital of Vietnam. The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. Manufactures include machine tools, plywood, textiles, chemicals, and handicrafts. Hanoi beca. There was a series of puppet Emperors.
In September 1940, during World War 2, Vichy France (which had just submitted to Nazi Germany) granted Japan's demands for military access to Tonkin. Immediately this allowed Japan better access to China in the Sino-Japanese War, against the forces of Chiang Kai-shek. But it was also part of Japan's strategy of domination of the Pacific Ocean, helped greatly by the success of its ally Germany in defeating Pacific powers the Netherlands (see Dutch East Indies) and France. The Japanese kept the French bureaucracy and leadership in place to run Indochina.
On March 9, 1945 with France firmly under Allied domination, Germany in retreat, and the USA ascendant in the Pacific, Japan decided to take complete control of Indochina. The Japanese kept power until the news of their government's surrender came though in August, after the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
After the war, France attempted to reassert itself in the region, but came into conflict with the Viet Minh, an organization of Communist Vietnamese nationalists under French-educated Ho Chi Minh. During WW2, the USA had supported the Viet Minh in resistance against the Japanese; the group was in control of the country apart from the cities since the French gave way in March 1945. After persuading Emperor Bao Dai to abdicate in his favour, on September 2, 1945 Ho — as president — declared independence for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. But before the end of September, a force of British, French and Indians, who also pressed captured Japanese into service, restored French control. Bitter fighting ensued. In 1950 Ho again declared an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which was recognized by the fellow Communist governments of China and the Soviet Union.
Fighting lasted until March 1954, when the Viet Minh won the decisive victory against French forces at the gruelling Battle of Dien Bien Phu. This led to the partition of Vietnam into North, under Viet Minh control, and South, called the Republic of Vietnam, which had the support of the USA, the United Kingdom, and France. The events of 1954 also marked the end of French involvement in the region, and the beginnings of serious US commitment to South Vietnam which lead to the Vietnam War.
The partition was agreed to at the Geneva Conference, where the United States of America, The Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and the People's Republic of China also settled a number of outstanding disputes relating to the Korean War. It was at this conference that France relinquished any claim to territory in the Indochinese peninsula.
Laos and Cambodia also became independent in 1954, but were both drawn into the Vietnam War.
While the political definition of Indochina includes only the states of French Indochina, the geographical definition includes Thailand and Burma.
See also:
