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Probably the first works of modern horror fiction were gothic novels, typified by Bram Stoker's Dracula and Henry JamesHenry James ( April 15 1843 February 28, 1916), younger brother of the philosopher and psychologist William James, was a British-American author of the late 19th and early 20th century, best known for novels and novellas based upon themes of morality.'s The Turn of the ScrewThe Turn of the Screw ( 1898) is one of the better-known pieces of short fiction by Henry James. It is one of the most effective ghost stories ever written, one that lends itself well to stage and film adaptation. It can also be read as a sort of psycholo. Another early work of horror fiction is Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's FrankensteinFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus is a novel by Mary Shelley. First published on March 11, 1818 (but more often read in the revised and corrected third edition, published in 1831), it is an early example of science fiction and steampunk. Some (led by. Frankenstein has also been considered science fiction or a philosophicalPhilosophy literally means 'love of wisdom' from the Greek 'philo' and 'sofia'. It is now widely used to designate the pursuit of knowledge or wisdom about fundamental matters concerning life, death, meaning, reality, being and truth. The term may also re novel by some literary historians. Early horror works used mood and subtlety to deliver an eerie and otherworldly flavor, but usually eschewed extensive explicit violence.
Other early exponents of the horror form number such luminaries as H. P. LovecraftHoward Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy and horror fiction, noted for giving horror stories a science fiction framework. Lovecraft's readership was limited during his life, but his works have become qu and Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe ( January 19, 1809 October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor and critic. He is best known for his tales of the macabre and his poems. Biography Life Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of actress Eliza Po, who were considered to be masters of the art. Among the writers of classic English ghostThis article is about the paranormal. For other meanings, see Ghost (disambiguation). England Ghosts are the supposed apparitions of the dead. A ghost is often thought to be the spirit or soul of a person who has remained on Earth after death. Every cultu stories, M.R. James is often cited as the finest. His stories avoid shock effects and often involve an Oxford antiquarian as their hero. Algernon Blackwood's The Willows and
Oliver Onions's The Beckoning Fair One have been called the best ghost stories.Lovecraft and Sheridan le Fanu called some of their writing weird fiction or weird stories.
Some stories in highbrow literature could arguably be regarded as horror fiction: examples include
Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) and The Penal Colony (In der Strafkolonie).