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Home > History of the Vatican City

 Contents
1 Loss of the Papal State
2 Mutual Recognition between the Holy See and the Italian Government
3 Second World War
4 After the War
The Holy See's diplomatic history began in the fourth century, but the boundaries of the papacy's temporal power have shifted over the centuries. Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula, including Rome, for more than a thousand years. In the middle of the 19th century, the Popes held sway over the Papal States, including a broad band of territory across central Italy. In 1860, after prolonged civil and regional unrest, Victor Emmanuel's army seized the Papal States, leaving only Rome and surrounding coastal regions under papal control.

1 Loss of the Papal State

In 1870 Italian king Victor Emmanuel II captured the city of Rome and declared it the new capital of Italy, thus ending papal temporal power. Pope Pius IX and his successors disputed the legitimacy of these acts and proclaimed themselves to be "prisoners" in the Vatican. In addition, the Popes of that time developed negative attitutes towards the growing secularization of society in Europe, which was mostly evident under Pope Pius X, who in 1904 severed diplomatic relations with the French government for introducing secular education in schools and on September 1, 1910 introduced compulsory Oath Against Modernism for all priests. During the First World War, at the insistence of the Italian government, the Allied governments decided to exclude Vatican participation in the postwar peace settlement. On August 1Some entries on this page have been duplicates from June 28. The correct dates for such events need to be determined. August 1st is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. Events 527 Justinian I, 1917Events January 2 The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 World War I: President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Europe. January 25 The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million January 25 Anti-, Pope Benedict XVBenedict XV ne Giacomo della Chiesa ( November 21, 1854- January 22, 1922), was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1914 to 1922; he succeeded Pope Saint Pius X. He was born in Genoa, Italy, of a noble family. He acquired a doctorate of law in 1875, af issued a five point peace plan, which was ignored by the international community.

2 Mutual Recognition between the Holy See and the Italian Government

Three Lateran Treaties resolved several outstanding issues between a series of popes and the Italian state in 1929. They established the independent state of Vatican City out of the former Papal States and granted Roman CatholicismThis article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. See Catholicism (disambiguation) for alternative meanings Catholicism has two main ecclesiastical meanings, described in Webster's Dictionary as: a) "the whole orthodox Christian chu special status in Italy. The Italian Government and the Holy See signed three agreements:



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Topics: History Of The Vatican City, Loss Of The Papal State...

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