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Terrain is mostly hilly, karst except for the central valley of the river Neretva. Largest city is Mostar, in the center of the region. Other larger towns include Trebinje , Konjic and Srbinje/Foca. Borders between Bosnia and Herzegovina are unclear and often disputed.

In early Middle Ages, the territory of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into many smaller independent states, thus Herzegovina encompasses the regions then known as Humska zemlja ( Hum), Travunija , Zahumlje, Primorje, Konavli etc. Westernmost parts of Hercegovina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia. After 1320s, all of these lands became a part of the Bosnian kingdom. In a document sent to Friedrich III on January 20, 1448Events January 5/ 6 Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. Brothers Bengt Jonsson Oxenstierna and Nils Jonsson Oxenstierna are selected to serve as Co-Regents, Stjepan Vukcic Kosaca called himself Herzog of Saint SavaSaint Sava ( 1175 or 1176 January 12 1235 or 1236), originally the prince Rastko Nemanjic (son of the Serbian king Stefan Nemanja and brother of Stefan Prvovencani, founder of the Serbian medieval state), is the first Serb archbishop ( 1219- 1233) and the, lord of Hum and Primorje, great duke of the Bosnian kingdom (Herzog means countThis page is about the European nobility; for the baseball term, see count (baseball). A count is a nobleman in various European countries, of the equivalent rank of a British earl. Originally the title denoted the rank of a high official in the late Roma or dukeThe term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Spa in GermanGerman (called Deutsch in German in which germanisch refers to prechristian times), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and one of the world's major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union.) and so the lands he controlled became (much later) known as Herzog's lands or Herzegovina.

In 1482Events Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast Tizoc rules the Aztecs Ivan III renounces the Mongol Khanate rule over Russia Births Deaths Diogo Gomez Hugo van der Goes William Worcester Della Robbia Sir John Lindsay of the Byres 1482. Herzog was overpowered by OttomanOsmanlı İmparatorluğu Devlet-i Aliye-i Osmaniye The Ottoman Coat of Arms Imperial motto: unknown The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople) Sovereigns Sultans forces led by his own son, Ahmed Hercegovic , who accepted IslamCairo Egypt Islm (In Arabic: , "submission (to God)"; In Persian and Urdu: ) is a monotheistic faith and the world's second-largest religion. Followers of Islam, known as Muslims believe that God (or, in Arabic, Allh revealed His Will to Muhammad (c.. In the Ottoman Empire Herzegovina was organized as a province ( sanjak) within the state ( pashaluk) of Bosnia. The name of the country was changed to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1853, as a result of a twist of political events. It was part of the Ottoman Empire for less than four centuries before being occuppied in 1878 by Austria-Hungary. This caused great resentment among its Bosniak and Serb populace which together resisted the invaders in smaller flare-ups that ended in 1882.

In the modern Bosnian-Herzegovinian state, Herzegovina is divided between the two entities (see Bosnia and Herzegovina and History of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Republika Srpska doesn't have any special arrangements for Herzegovina (though the term Trebinje Region is sometimes used for this). In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Herzegovina belongs to cantons Herzegovina-Neretva, West Herzegovina and partially to the Herzeg-Bosnia Canton.

Its western parts are inhabited mostly by Croats, the eastern parts mostly by Serbs, and there is a significant Bosniak population along the flow of Neretva, including cities Mostar, Konjic and Stolac . The population of Herzegovina was mixed prior to the Yugoslav wars as well as the Second World War, both of which saw ethnic cleansing on a large scale.