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Henry Addington, the son of the Earl of Chatham's physician, was a childhood friend of Chatham's son, William Pitt the Younger. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1784, and became Speaker in 1789. In March, 1801, Pitt was forced to resign from office due to his call for Catholic emancipation, and Addington was chosen to succeed him.
Addington's ministry was most notable for the negotiation of the Treaty of Amiens, in 1802 in which an unfavourable peace was agreed to with France. It quickly broke down, and Addington's poor management of the war led to Pitt's return to power the next year. Addington remained an important political figure, however. Created Viscount Sidmouth, he joined Pitt's Cabinet as Lord President of the Council, and later served in the Ministry of all the Talents as Lord Privy Seal and Lord President.
When the Pittites returned to power in 1807, Sidmouth returned to opposition, but returned to government as Lord President of the Council in March, 1812, and, in June of the same year, became Home SecretaryThe Secretary of State for the Home Department (the Home Secretary is the chief United Kingdom government minister responsible for law and order in the United Kingdom; his or her remit includes policing, the criminal justice system, the prison service, in. As Home Secretary, Sidmouth brutally crushed radical opposition, being responsible for the suspension of habeas corpusIn the common law legal system, habeas corpus Latin for "you must have the body" or more liberally "produce the body", is a prerogative writ requiring the government to produce in court a person in its custody and justify his or her confinement. Known as in 1817Events March 4 James Monroe succeeds James Madison as the President of the United States of America April Earthquake in Palermo, Italy April 3 Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England July 4 At Rome, New York, construction on th, and the passage of the repressive Six Acts in 1819Events January 17 Simon Bolivar proclaims the Republic of Colombia January 29 Sir Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore February 6 Formal treaty between Sultan Hussein of Johor and the British Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles originates Singapore F. Sidmouth left office in 1822Events March 30 Florida becomes a United States territory. May 24 Battle of Pichincha: Simon Bolivar secures the independence of Quito. June 14 Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the, succeeded as Home Secretary by the much more competent Robert PeelSee also Robert Peel (Christian Science The Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet ( February 5, 1788 July 2, 1850) was British Prime Minister from December 1834 to April 1835, and again from June 1841 to June 29, 1846. Born in Bury, Lancashire to, but continued to be active in politics for some time, fruitlessly opposing British recognition of the South American republics, Catholic Emancipation, and the Reform Act of 1832The British Reform Act of 1832 (also referred to as as the Great Reform Act introduced the first changes to electoral franchise legislation in almost one hundred and fifty years. It met strong opposition from the Tories, who had defeated earlier bills, an.