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Hedera, English name Ivy (plural, Ivies), is a genus of about 10 species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the Araliaceae, native in the Atlantic Islands, Europe, North Africa and across Asia east to Japan. On suitable surfaces ( trees and rock faces), they are able to climb to at least 25-30 m above the basal ground level.

They have two leaf types, with palmately lobed juvenile leaves on creeping and climbing stems, and unlobed cordate adult leaves on fertile flowering stems exposed to full sun, usually high in the crowns of trees or the top of rock faces. The juvenile and adult shoots also differ, the former being slender, flexible and scrambling or climbing with small roots to affix the shoot to the substrate (rock or tree bark), the latter thicker, self-supporting, and without roots. The flowers are produced in late autumn, individually small, in 3-5 cm diameter umbels, greenish-yellow, and very rich in nectar, an important late food source for bees and other insects; the fruitIn botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which would be plum, apple, and or are small black berries ripening in late winter, and are an important food for many birdFor other meanings of bird see bird (disambiguation). Many see text Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones. There are almost 9000 known species of birds ins, though poisonous for manThis article concerns how a man differs from women. For other meanings of man see Man (disambiguation). For other uses of boy see Boy (disambiguation Pioneer plaque sent to outer space A man is an male human adult, in contrast to an adult female, which is. The seedThis writeup is about biological seeds; for the Buddhist metaphor, see bija. A seed is the ripened ovule of gymnosperm or angiosperm plants. The importance of the seed relative to more primitive forms of reproduction and dispersal is attested to by the sus are dispersed by birds eating the fruit.

1 Species

The species are all allopatricAllopatric speciation is speciation by geographical isolation. Speciation is especially likely to occur in small populations that have become separated from the main populations, e. on islands, or in small lakes. One famous example is Hawaiian flies. and closely related, and all have on occasion been treated as varieties or subspecies of H. helix, the first species described. Several additional species have been described in the southern parts of the former USSRThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR ( Russian: ; tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (SSSR) also called the Soviet Union ( ; tr. Sovetsky Soyuz , was a state in much of the northern region of Eurasia that existed from 1922 until 1, but are not regarded as distinct by most botanists.

• Hedera algeriensis - Algerian ivy. Northwest AfricaAfrica is the world's second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. 30,244,050 km2 (11,677,240 mi2) including the islands, it covers 20. 3% of the total land area on Earth, and with over 800 million human inhabitants it accounts for ar.
  
• Hedera azorica - Azores ivy. Azores.
  
• Hedera canariensis - Canaries ivy. Canary Islands.
  
• Hedera colchica - Caucasian ivy or Persian ivy. Northern Turkey to Iran.
  
• Hedera helix - Common or English ivy. Western & central Europe, except for the Atlantic coasts.
  
• Hedera hibernica - Atlantic ivy. Atlantic coastal areas of Europe from Scotland & Ireland to Portugal.
  
• Hedera maderensis - Madeiran ivy. Madeira.
  
• Hedera nepalensis - Himalayan ivy. Himalaya, China, Taiwan.
  
• Hedera pastuchowii - Pastuchov's ivy. Central Asia (southern states of the former USSR).
  
• Hedera rhombea - Japanese ivy. Japan.