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Home > Heavenly Stems


The list of ten Heavenly Stems (天干; pinyin: tiāngān) was an enumeration of discrete entities, as in years and dates often employed in Chinese astrology. It has been in use in China since the Shang Dynasty ( 1600 BC).

The phonetic characters are:

  1. Jiǎ (甲)
  2. Yǐ (乙)
  3. Bǐng (丙)
  4. Ding (丁)
  5. Wù (戊)
  6. Jǐ (己)
  7. Geng (庚)
  8. Xin (辛)
  9. Rén (壬)
  10. Guǐ (癸)

Heavenly Stems are associated with Yin Yang and the Five Elements. They are combined with the twelve Earthly Branches to form the 60-year Stem-Branch (干支) cycle in the Chinese calendar.

The Branches are still commonly used nowadays in China in counting systems similar to the way the alphabet is used in English, namely,

The kings of the Shang Dynasty have characters of the Branches in their given nameA given name specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name. The given name may be single, or several names may be given (the latter are known as middles.

See also

Chinese numeralsToday, speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems: There is the ubiquitous system of Arabic digits and two ancient Chinese numeral systems. The "Hua1 Ma3 ( U+82B1, U+78BC for "flowery or fancy numbers")" system has gradually been supplanted by the Arab

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