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This subdivision type was created by the edict ( ukase) of Peter the Great on December 18 1708, which divided Russia into 8 guberniyas. In 1719 guberniyas were further subdivided into provinces (Russian: прови́нции). Later the number of guberniyas was increased to 23.

By the reform of 1775, subdivision into guberniyas and further into uyezd s (уе́зды) was based on the amount of population, and the term "guberniya" was replaced by the synonym of Russian origin: наме́стничество (English transliteration: namestnichestvo), sometimes translated as "viceroyalty". The term "guberniya", however, still remained in use. These viceroyalties were governed by "namestniks" (наме́стник) (literal translation: "deputy"), also called "Governors General" (генера́л-губерна́тор). Correspondingly, the term Governorate General (генера́л-губерна́торство) was in use to refer to the actual territory being governed. The office of Governor General had more administrative power and was in a higher position than the previous office of Governor. Sometimes a Governor General ruled several guberniyas.

By the ukase of Russian Senate by December 31, 1796, the office of Governorate General was demoted to the previous level of Governorate, and Russia was again divided into guberniyas, which were subdivided in uyezds, further subdivided into volost s (во́лость).

The latter subdivision existed until after the Russian Revolution.

After the February Revolution, the Russian Provisional Government renamed governors into guberniya commissars. The October RevolutionThis article is about the October Revolution in Russia. See October Revolution (disambiguation) for other meanings. The October Revolution also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instig left the subdivision in place, but the governing apparatus was replaced by guberniya sovietThere are two main meanings to the word soviet Soviet (council) can mean a council of workers, a term that was used from the late Imperial Russia days. After the October Revolution, soviets (councils) became the main form of government at all levels: entes (губе́рнский сове́т).

Actual subdivisions of the Soviet UnionThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR ( Russian: ; tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (SSSR) also called the Soviet Union ( ; tr. Sovetsky Soyuz , was a state in much of the northern region of Eurasia that existed from 1922 until 1 into particular territorial units was subject to numerous changes, especially during the 1918Events January January 8 President Woodrow Wilson announces his " Fourteen Points" for the aftermath of World War I. February February 3 The Twin Peaks Tunnel begins service in San Francisco as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world (11,920 feet long).- 1929Centuries: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years: 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 See also 1929 in aviation 1929 in film 1929 in literature 1929 in mu period. Eventually, in 1929Centuries: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years: 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 See also 1929 in aviation 1929 in film 1929 in literature 1929 in mu the subdivision was replaced by the notions of oblastAn oblast ( Russian, Ukrainian: ) is a name for the subnational entity of Bulgaria, Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union and the mentioned post-Soviet republics, oblasts are one step below the national level and fu, okrugOkrug is a term to denote administrative subdivision in some Slavic states. Its etymology is similar to German Kreis circle (in the meaning of administrative division) (although translated in German as Bezirk : okrug is literally something "encircling". and raion.