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The typical design is of a mass of loosely packed metal balls in a canvas bag that are intended to break apart at high velocity after being fired. It gives an effect similar to a shotgun scaled up to cannon size.
Battles in which it used include Culloden, 1746, (Bonnie Prince Charlie (Scotland/Britain) v Duke of Cumberland (Britain) ) and Borolino, 1812 (Prince Mikhail Kutuzov (Russia) v Napoleon Bonaparte (France) ). These are just a few examples.