Home > Georg Agricola

Gifted with a precocious intellect, he early threw himself into the pursuit of the "new learning," with such effect that at the age of twenty he was appointed Rector extraordinarius of Greek at the so-called Great School of Zwickau, and made his appearance as a writer on philology. After two years he gave up his appointment in order to pursue his studies at Leipzig, where, as rector, he received the support of the professor of classics, Peter Mosellanus (1493-1524), a celebrated humanist of the time, with whom he had already been in correspondence. Here he also devoted himself to the study of medicine, physics and chemistry. After the death of Mosellanus he went to Italy from 1524 to 1526, where he took his doctor's degree.

He returned to Zwickau in 1527Events January 5 Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zurich by the Zurich Reformed state church. May 6 Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pop, and was chosen as town physician at Joachimsthal , a centre of mining and smelting works, his object being partly "to fill in the gaps in the art of healing," partly to test what had been written about mineralogy by careful observation of ores and the methods of their treatment. His thorough grounding in philology and philosophy had accustomed him to systematic thinking, and this enabled him to construct out of his studies and observations of minerals a logical system which he began to publish in 1528. Agricola's dialogue Bermannus, sive de re metallica dialogus, (1530) the first attempt to reduce to scientific order the knowledge won by practical work, brought Agricola into notice; it contained an approving letter from ErasmusErasmus Alberus (c. 1500- 1553), German humanist, reformer, and poet, was born in the village of Sprendlingen near Frankfurt am Main about the year 1500. Although his father was a schoolmaster, his early education was neglected. Ultimately in 1518 he foun at the beginning of the book.

In 1530 Prince Maurice of Saxony appointed him historiographer with an annual allowance, and he migrated to ChemnitzChemnitz is a city in Saxony, Germany. It is located on the northern foothills of the Ore Mountains. Population: 247,723(2003), Area 220. The city is the third largest town of Saxony. It is named after the Chemnitz River, a small affluent of the Zwickauer, the centre of the mining industry, in order to widen the range of his observations. The citizens showed their appreciation of his learning by appointing him town physician in 1533. In that year, he published a book about Greek and Roman weights and measures, De Mensuis et Ponderibus.

He was also elected burgomaster of Chemnitz. His popularity was, however, short-lived. Chemnitz was a violent centre of the Protestant movement, while Agricola never wavered in his allegiance to the old religion; and he was forced to resign his office. He now lived apart from the contentious movements of the time, devoting himself wholly to learning. His chief interest was still in mineralogy; but he occupied himself also with medical, mathematical, theological and historical subjects, his chief historical work being the Dominatores Saxonici a prima origine ad hanc aetatem, published at FreibergFreiberg is a city in Saxony, Germany, capital of the district Freiberg. Population 45. The city was founded in 1186, and has been a center of the mining industry in the Ore Mountains for centuries. A symbol of this history is the Bergakademie Freiberg, e. In 1544 he published the De ortu et causis subterraneorum, in which he laid the first foundations of a physical geology , and criticized the theories of the ancients. In 1545 followed the De natura eorum quae effluunt e terra; in 1546 the De veteribus et novis metallis, a comprehensive account of the discovery and occurrence of minerals; in 1548 the De animantibus subterraneis; and in the two following years a number of smaller works on the metals.

His most famous work, the De re metallica libri xii, was published in 1556Events January 16 Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 The deadliest earthquake in history kills 830,000 people in Shanxi Province, China. February Tru, though apparently finished several years before, since the dedication to the elector and his brother is dated 1550. It is a complete and systematic treatise on mining and metallurgyMetallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Extractive metallurgy Extractive metallurgy is the practice of separ, illustrated with many fine and interesting woodcuts and containing, in an appendix, the German equivalents for the technical terms used in the Latin text. It long remained a standard work, and marks its author as one of the most accomplished chemists of his time. Believing the black rock of the SchlossbergThe word Schlossberg literally means castle mountain and that's exactly what it is. It is a mountain with a castle on top in the centre of the city Graz, Austria. In the past this castle was never occupied and it meant for the safety for all people living at Stolpen to be the same as Pliny's basalt, he applied this name to it, and thus originated a petrological term which has been permanently incorporated in the vocabulary of science.

In spite of the early proof that Agricola had given of the tolerance of his own religious attitude, he was not suffered to end his days in peace. He remained to the end a staunch Catholic, though all Chemnitz had gone over to the Lutheran creed; and it is said that his life was ended by a fit of apoplexy brought on by a heated discussion with a Protestant divine. He died at Chemnitz on the 21st of November 1555, and so violent was the theological feeling against him, that he was not suffered to rest in the town to which he had added lustre. Amidst hostile demonstrations he was carried to Zeitz, seven miles from Chemnitz, and there buried.

De Re Metallica is considered a classic document of the dawn of metallurgy, unsurpassed for two centuries. 1n 1912, the Mining Magazine (London) published an English translation. The translation was made by an American mining engineer, Herbert Hoover, nowadays better known for his later career as a President of the United States, and his wife Lou Henry Hoover.

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This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica