Index: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Home > Gene regulation

Gene regulation is the general term for cellular control of protein synthesis at the DNA-RNA transcription step. Since this is the root of the central dogma of biology, gene regulation gives the cell the broadest control over structure and function. The level of broad control, however, comes at the expense of timing; since the effects of any change in gene regulation are far downstream, gene regulation is often used for processes which have relatively long-term effects, in contrast to signal transduction which is how the cell handles events quickly (though often it results in gene regulation).

Examples of gene regulation include heat shock proteins generated by Drosophila.

1 Mechanisms for gene regulation

1.1 Chemical modification of DNA

DNA is known to be able to be methylated.

1.2 Structural modification of DNA

DNA's ability to be transcribed can be dictated by its structure. DNA which is not highly supercoiled lies more exposed and therefore can be more easily transcribed. Protein complexes called histones are responsible for the amount of supercoiling of DNA, and these complexes can be temporarily modified by processes such as phosphorylation or permanently modified by processes such as methylation. Such modifications are considered to be responsible for permanent changes in cell expression levels, such as those involved in development.

1.3 Regulation of transcription machinery

Genes can be regulated is by transcription factors. Transcription factors generally simultaneously bind DNA as well as the RNA synthase which begins the transription of DNA into RNA. By altering structure after a change such as a phosphorylation or proteolysis, the activity of a transcription factor can be enhanced, repressed, or even abolished.

Controlling the concentration of transcription factors, often by gene expression itself, can also alter the activity of a transcription factor, and bring about an ancillary change in gene expression.

This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by [ ṣlocalurl: : |action=edit}} expanding it].

Gene expression

Read more »

<Hide>

Topics: Gene Regulation, Mechanisms For Gene Regulation, Chemical...

Generation XThis article is about the demographic Generation X for the comic book, see Generation X (comics Generation X is a term used in demographics, the social sciences, and more broadly in popular culture. It generally consists of persons born in the 1960s and 1	General relativityGeneral relativity (GR or general relativity theory (GRT is the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915. The conceptual core of general relativity, from which its other consequences largely follow, is the Principle of Equivalence which	GenealogyGenealogy is the study and tracing of family pedigrees. This involves collecting the names of relatives, both living and deceased, establishing the relationships between them based on primary, secondary and/or circumstantial evidence or documentation, and
General MotorsGM redirects here. This article is about General Motors . For other uses, see GM (disambiguation). General Motors Corporation also known as GM is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevro	Gene KellyEugene Curran Kelley (born August 23, 1912 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and died February 2, 1996 in Beverly Hills, California after suffering two strokes at the age of 83), was best known as an American dancer in films, but was also an actor, singer, dire	GeneticsGenetics is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. In modern research, genetics provides important tools in the i
Genetically modified organism	Gene	Genetic engineering
Genetic code	Genetic programming	Genetic disorder
Genetic material	Geneva	General Surgery

Non User