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Gauge (sometimes spelled gage) is used with differing meanings in mechanics, engineering, mathematics and physics.

In mechanics, a pressure gauge is a device for indicating liquid or gas pressure, a vacuum gage indicates gas pressure less than atmospheric pressure. It is commonly used to refer to other sensors such as a temperature gauge, level gauge , strain gauge etc.

In engineering, gauge refers to a measure of width or thickness, or to devices used to make measurements (originally of width or thickness). It can also be used as a verb to describe the act of taking a measurement, typically an estimate.

Gauge is commonly used in the context of railways, where " track gauge" (often simply "gauge") means the distance between the inside edges of the two rails forming the track (eg standard gauge, narrow gauge) and " loading gaugeA loading gauge is the envelope or contoured shape within which all railway vehicles, engines, coaches and trucks must fit. It is dictated by the size of tunnels, height of bridges and shape and height of platforms. It varies between different countries a" refers to the set of height and width profiles governing the maximum dimensions of railway vehicles.

The term is also used in the measurement of metal sheetingMetallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Extractive metallurgy Extractive metallurgy is the practice of separ, where it refers to the thickness of the sheet.

In shotgunThis article is about the firearm. For alternative meanings of shotgun see: Shotgun (disambiguation). A shotgun is a firearm typically used to fire a number of small balls, the shot from a smoothbore barrel of relatively large diameter. Also the bullets ts, "gauge" is related to the diameter ( caliberIn small arms, caliber ( American English) or calibre ( British English) is the diameter of the inside of the barrel. This distance is measured from between the 'lands' in a rifled barrel, and is measured in inches. The caliber is expressed in either hund) of the barrel. The gauge is determined by the number of solid spheres of a diameter equal to the inside diameter of the barrel that could be made from a pound of leadFor the "lead" in news writing, see news style. Lead is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pb ( L. Plumbum and atomic number 82. A soft, heavy, toxic and malleable poor metal, lead has a dull gray appearance and is bluish white w.
It is more rarely used to refer to the internal dimensions of a cannonprojectile, or cannonball, is labelled 1. The gunpowder is labelled 2. The fuse is inserted in the hole labelled 3. A cannon is a large, smooth-bored, muzzle-loading gun used before the advent of breech-loading, rifled guns firing explosive shells. A cann.

In mathematics and physics, a gauge transformation is a member of a group of mappings to a space or a spacetime, where this group of mappings satisfies certain properties. The actions of bosons, which mediate interactions between fermions, in the theories of the electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics of the Standard Model of particle physics, are invariant under gauge transformations, so these bosons are called gauge bosons. Gauge theories in physics postulate that symmetry transformations can only be performed locally.