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Galileo's thermometer is made of a sealed glass cylinder containing water. Suspended in the water are a number of weights. The picture shows those weights as themselves sealed glass containers with coloured liquid for an attractive effect. As the water changes temperature it changes density and the suspended weights rise and fall to stay at the position where their density is equal to that of the surrounding water. If the weights differ by a very small amount and ordered such that the least dense is at the top and most dense at the bottom they can form a temperature scale.

The temperature in the case of the picture is read from the engraved metal disc on each weight. The lowest weight of the top set of weights is the temperature, in this case accurate to two degrees. This is done by manufacturing the weights to within 1/1000 to 1/3000th of a gram.

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Topics: Galileo Thermometer, Galileo Galilei, Galileo Positioning System...

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