Home > Fusel alcohol

The compounds involved are chiefly:

• 1-propanol
• 2-propanol
• butanol (various isomers)
• amyl alcohol
• furfural

Excessive concentrations of these fractions can cause off flavours, sometimes described as "spicy," "hot," or "solvent-like." Some beverages, such as whiskey, Siwucha and traditional ales and ciders, are expected to have relatively high concentrations of fusel alcohols as part of the flavor profile. In other beverages, such as vodkaVodka wodka in Polish, #x301 in Russian) is a clear, typically colorless liquor, usually distilled from fermented grain. Except for insignificant amounts of flavorings, vodka consists of water and alcohol ( ethanol). Vodka usually has an alcohol content r and lagerLager beers are alcoholic beverages of German and Czech origin, taking their name from the German lagern ("to store"). Brewed principally from malted barley (no cane sugar, an adjunct), hops and water using bottom-fermentation (the yeast, Saccharomyces uvs, notable presence of fusel alcohols is considered a fault. Very high concentrations - usually caused by incompetent distillation - can cause illness, including headacheA headache is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes upper back or neck pain may also be interpreted as a headache. Headaches have a wide variety of causes, ranging from eyestrain to inflammation of the sinus cavities to life-threatenins, nauseaNausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort from the stomach, with the sufferers feeling that they may vomit. Nausea is a symptom of many conditions, including motion sickness, morning sickness during pregnancy, viral infections, and other diseases., vomitingVomiting (or emesis is the forceful expulsion through the mouth of the contents of one's stomach. It is a mechanism for expelling ingested illness-causing food poisons. The act may be triggered by stimuli which might indicate the possibility of poisoning,, clinical depressionIt is common to feel sad, discouraged, or "down" once in a while, and anyone in this state might say they are suffering from depression. But for some people, this mood persists. For depression, or any other condition, to be termed "clinical" it must reach, or comaFor other meanings of the word "coma", especially in astronomy, see coma (disambiguation In medicine, a coma is a profound state of unconsciousness, which may result from a variety of conditions including intoxication ( drug, alcohol or toxins), metabolic. Such a liquor may be referred to as rot-gut or rotgut.

Fusel alcohols are formed when fermentation occurs:

• at higher temperatures,
• at lower pH,
• when yeast activity is limited by low nitrogen content.

During distillation, fusel alcohols are concentrated in the "tails" at the end of the distillation run. In a reflux still they can be separated out almost completely if desired.