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Führer (often written Fuehrer or Fuhrer in English when umlauts are not used; also written with the German definite article included, der Führer) meaning " leader" or " guide" in German, was a title granted by German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to himself by law following the death of Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg (president of the German Reich; Reich = empire) August 2, 1934. The new position, fully named Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Chancellor of the Empire), formally made Hitler Germany's Head of State as well as Head of government (see also Gleichschaltung). It is modeled after its ItalianItalian is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people, most of whom live in Italy. Standard Italian is based on Tuscan dialects and is somewhat intermediate between the languages of Southern Italy and the Gallo-Romance languages of the North. equivalent 'il DuceDuce is an Italian word meaning "leader" (derived from Latin dux of the same meaning). As early as 1923, Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini adopted the name Il Duce as his de facto title in an attempt to elevate himself to a position as the nation's', used by Benito Mussolinifascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ( July 29, 1883 April 28, 1945) ruled Italy as a dictator from 1922 to 1943. He created a fascis. Other equivalents used during the period were 'el CaudilloCaudillo is a Spanish caudilho in Portuguese) word meaning "troop leader, military strongman". The related caudillismo is a cultural phenomenon that first appeared during the early 19th century in revolutionary South America, as a type of militia leader w' ( Francisco FrancoFrancisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teodulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade ( December 4, 1892 November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalisimo Francisco Franco was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his), "The Captain" Corneliu CodreanuCorneliu Zelea Codreanu ( 13 September 1899 30 November 1938) was the main figure of the Romanian fascist movement in the interwar period, known as The Legion of Saint Michael the Archangel or The Iron Guard. Born in Husi on September 13, 1899, Codreanu s, "the American Führer" Fritz KuhnFritz Kuhn ( May 15, 1896 December 14, 1951) was the leader of the German-American Bund, prior to World War II. He was a naturalized citizen and follower of Adolf Hitler. Kuhn was controversial in his time. As head of the Bund he claimed to be the "Americ, ' El Jefe ' Jorge González von MareésJorge Gonzalez von Marees ( April 5, 1900- March 14, 1962) was 'El Jefe' (the leader) of the Movimiento National Socialista de Chile (MNS, National Socialist Movement of Chile), a politician and author. Born in Santiago of a German mother. He was influenc, and ' Netaji' ( Subhas Chandra Bose) (see also Adrien Arcand and Vidkun Quisling). Postwar equivalents include 'Commander' George Lincoln Rockwell.Hitler cultivated the Führerprinzip, and Hitler was generally known as just der Führer (the Leader). It was a de-facto personality cult about his role as leader. One of Hitler's most-repeated political slogans was "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer" (translated as "One people, one country, one leader", or "One nation, one empire, one leader").
Due to its excessive use in Nazi Germany, the term Führer, as well as the naive notion of politicians as leaders of men, have understandably gone out of fashion in modern Germany. The term Anführer, with a slightly more tangible field of meaning than Führer, is now mostly being used as a literal translation of "leader", while Führer itself is almost exclusively used in composites, e.g. Lok[omotiv]führer (engine driver), Zugführer (railway guard), Flugzeugführer (aircraft pilot), Bergführer (mountain guide), Führerschein (driver's licence), Spielführer (team captain), Fremdenführer (tourist guide), Führerstand (driver's cab) and so on.
One of the very few current uses of Führer is the correct translation for eg. a politician's official English description as great leader, which is regularly translated as großer Führer (using the indefinite article).
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