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| First Council of Lyons | |
|---|---|
| Date | 1245 |
| Accepted by | Catholicism |
| Previous Council | Fourth Council of the Lateran |
| Next Council | Second Council of Lyons |
| Convoked by | Pope Innocent IV |
| Presided by | Pope Innocent IV |
| Attendance | 250 |
| Topics of discussion | Emperor Frederick II, clerical discipline, Crusades, Great Schism |
| Documents and statements | thirty-eight consititutions, deposition of Frederick, Seventh Crusade, red hat for cardinals, levy for the Holy Land |
| chronological list of Ecumenical councils | |
The First Council of Lyons (Lyons I) was the Thirteenth Ecumenical Council and took place in 1245.
The First General Council of Lyons was presided over by Innocent IV. Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons December 2, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council. The chronicle of the Benedictine monastery of St Peter at Erfurt states that two hundred and fifty prelates responded; the Latin Patriarchs of ConstantinopleThe Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was one of the four Roman Catholic "patriarchs of the east". He was not the same person as the " Patriarch of Constantinople". Before the Great Schism in 1054, the church was ruled by five patriarchs, who sat in Rome,, AntiochThe Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office established in the aftermath of the First Crusade by Bohemund, the first Prince of Antioch. The city already had a Greek Patriarch, who was expelled and fled to Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire was greatly, and AquileiaAquileia ( Slovene Oglej , an ancient town of Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 6 to. from the sea, on the river Natiso (mod. Natisone , the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times. Before the Romans Aquil (Venice), 140 bishops, the Latin emperor Baldwin II of ConstantinopleBaldwin II ( 1217— 1273) was the last emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Yolanda of Flanders, sister of the first two emperors, Baldwin I and Henry of Flanders. Her husband, Peter of Courtenay, was third emperor of the, Louis IX of FranceEl Greco in the 16th Century. King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis ( April 25, 1214/ 1215 August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 to 1270. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was born at Poissy, France, the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of C, Raymond VII, Count of ToulouseThe Counts of Toulouse ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding county from the late 9th century until 1270. The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nimes, and Marquis of Gothia and Proven, and Raymond Bérenger IV, Count of Provence were among those who participiated. It excommunicated and deposed Emperor Frederick II and directed a new crusade (the Seventh Crusade), under the command of Louis, against the Saracens and Mongols.
At the opening, June 28, Innocent IV preached his famous sermon on the five wounds of the Church enumerated his personal five sorrows: (1) the bad conduct of prelates and faithful; (2) the insolence of the Saracens; (3) the Greek Schism; (4) the cruelties of the Tatars in Hungary; (5) the persecution by the Emperor Frederick, who, not unexpectedly, did not appear.
At the second session ( July 5) the bishop of Calvi and a Spanish archbishop attacked the emperor's manner of life and his plots against the Church, at the third ( July 17), though Baldwin II, Raymond VII, and Berthold, Patriarch of Aquileia, interceded for Frederick, Innocent pronounced the deposition of Frederick, caused it to be signed by one hundred and fifty bishops and charged the Dominicans and Franciscans with its publication everywhere. But the pope lacked the material means to execute this decree; the Count of Savoy refused to allow an army sent by the pope against the emperor to pass through his territory, and for a time it was feared that Frederick would attack Innocent at Lyons.
The Council of Lyons took several other purely religious measures; it obliged the Cistercians to pay tithes, approved the Rule of the Order of Grandmont, decided the institution of the octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, prescribed that henceforth cardinals should wear a red hat, and lastly prepared thirty-eight constitutions which were later inserted by Boniface VIII in his Decretals, the most important of which, received with protests by the envoys of the English clergy, decreed a levy of a twentieth on every benefice for three years for the relief of the Holy Land (Constitution "Afflicti corde") and a levy for the benefit of the Latin Empire of Constantinople of half the revenue of benefices whose titulars did not reside therein for at least six months of the year (Constitution "Arduis mens occupata negotiis").
The Second Council of Lyons was convened in 1274.