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In firearms terminology, an action is the system of operation that the firearm employs to seal the breech (in a breech-loading firearm), and to load consecutive rounds. Most commonly this is accomplished by means of a breech-block, which reciprocates in the receiver of the firearm. Important factors in the naming of a particular action type depends on how it gets its motive force (i.e. what energy is employed to operate), and how it locks the breech.The following list shows most of the various types of breech-loading firearms that exist:
1 Recoil-actuated
1.1 Blowback/forward
1.2 Delayed Blowback
- Grooved chamber (Russian Modernized Makarov Pistol)
- Roller-Locked delayed blowback ( Heckler und Koch HK G3, HK MP5, HK P9 , Ceska Zbrojovka CZ-52The CZ-52 is a single-action handgun designed by two brothers, Jan and Jaroslav Kratchovil. Correctly known as the Vz 52 ("Vzor 52" means "Model 52"), around 200,000 of the pistols were made by Ceska Zbrojovka for the Czechoslovak military from 1952 to 19)
- Blish Lock ( Thompson submachine gunThe Thompson submachine gun also known as the Tommy gun was an American submachine gun that became infamous during the prohibition era. It was a common sight in gangster films of the time; real-life gangsters referred to the tommy gun as the "Chicago type (i.e., the "Tommy Gun")
- Rotational Hesitation System
- Schwarzlose System (links are rotated by bolt on rearward travel)
- Mannlicher ( forcedIn physics, a net force acting on a body causes that body to accelerate; that is, to change its velocity. The concept appeared first in the second law of motion of classical mechanics. It is usually expressed by the equation F m · a where F is the force, rotation of bolt on rearward travel)
- Modified (forced rotation of barrel on rearward travel)
- Can force rotation counter-torque, or with torque.
- Barrel can be spring-loaded (use recoil spring) to resist rotation.
- Rotating Cam Striker
- Gas-impingement design ( HK P7 , Steyr GB)
- Delay-block action (Remington Model 51)
2 Gas-actuated
- Short-stroke ( FAL rifle, HK G36, XM8, MP7, SA80, SKS rifle, et al.)
- Long-stroke ( AK-47, AK-74, et al.)
- Direct impingement ( AR-15, M-16, AG-43 Ljungman)
3 Manually operated magazine fed breech loader
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