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| Contents | ||
| Etruscan ( ) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Etruria (extinct) |
| Region: | Italy |
| Total speakers: | extinct |
| Ranking: | |
| Genetic classification: | language isolate, but see Nostratic |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Etruria |
| Regulated by: | - |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| SIL | - |
The Etruscans are thought to be indigenous people of Italy, living there before the Indo-European migration and the arrival of the Latins, around 1000 BC. Literacy was fairly common, as can be seen by the great number of short inscriptions (dedications, epitaphs etc). Though in the 1st century BC, the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus noted that the Etruscan language was unlike any other, the Etruscans had a rich literature, as noted by Latin authors.
With the rise of the Roman Republic that conquered Etruria, Latin hegemonyHegemony is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; or more broadly, that cultural perspectives become skewed hastened the decline of the Etruscan civilization, and by 200 BCCenturies: 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 205 BC 204 BC 203 BC 202 BC 201 BC 200 BC 199 BC 198 BC 197 BC 196 BC 195 BC Events Rome declar, Etruscan was already replaced by Latin, except perhaps among some isolated mountain or fenland communities and, in a field that was more accessible to Latin authors, in the traditional contexts of religious cultThis article discusses only religious or sociological cultist groups, and small or new religious groups considered harmful or strange by the public, media or anti-cult activists. This article does not discuss "cult" in its original sense of "religious pra. By the late Republic, however, only a few educated Romans with antiquarian interests like VarroVarro was a Roman cognomen carried by: Marcus Terentius Varro (known as Varro Reatinus), the scholar Publius Terentius Varro (known as Varro Atacinus), the poet See also Varro (Star Trek) Ancient Romans Families of Rome. could read Etruscan.
LivyTitus Livius (around 59 BC AD 17), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome from its supposed founding in 753 BC. Life and Works The book's title, Ab Urbe Condita ("From the Founding of the City"), makes Livy's ambition clear, but not and CiceroFor other uses see Cicero (disambiguation Marcus Tullius Cicero ( January 3, 106 BC December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylist. Biography Cicero was born in Arpinum and caug were both aware that highly-specialized Etruscan religious rites were codified in several sets of books under the generic Latin title Etrusca Disciplina. The Libri Haruspicini dealt with divination from the entrails of the sacrificed animal, the Libri Fulgurales expounded the art of divination by observing lightning. A third set, the Libri Rituales, would have provided us with the key to Etruscan civilization: its wider scope embraced Etruscan standards of social and political life as well as ritual practices. According to the 4th century3rd century 4th century 5th century other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. Events Definitive declaration of biblical canon: Council of Carthage Demotic is replaced by Gr Latin writer Servius , a fourth set of Etruscan books existed, dealing with animal gods. The Christian authorities collected these works of paganism and burnt them during the 5th century.Etruscan had some influence over Latin. A few dozen words were borrowed by the Romans and some of them can be found in modern languages.