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Usually the most basic of these relationships studied is that between the mother and child, and second most basic is between sexual partners - the focus of feminism and Queer theory respectively, where relationships are central. Family role theory extends this to study paternalistic, maternalistic and sibling roles, and postulates that one's later relationships are formed largely in order to fill the roles one has grown to find comfortable as part of one's family environment - the family of origin thus setting pattern for the family of choice .
As contrasted to theories of ethics that derive from social dispute resolution, or the meta-ethics as defined in Western moral philosophy, ethical traditions emphasizing abstract moral codes expressed in some language with some judgemental hierarchy, ethical relationship theories tend to emphasize human development. Thus they focus on unequal power and such matters as sexual honesty, marital commitment , child-raising , and responsibility to conduct such essential body and care matters as toilet trainingToilet training (or potty training is the process of training a young child to use the toilet for urination and defecation, weaning him or her off of reliance on diapers. Potty training is usually done between the ages of 2 and 3. See also Elimination com, weaning, forming attitudes to sexuality and to masturbation. Failures to consider consequences of teachings or examples set in these matters is disastrous, as it leads to failures of the most fundamental relationship any person has: to their own body, shame in it, pride in it, care for it, and etc. Care and concern for other's bodies follows.
No ethical tradition has failed to prescribe at least some rules for the conduct of such relationships.
Carol GilliganCarol Gilligan is an American feminist ethicist best known for her work with and against Lawrence Kohlberg on ethical community and ethical relationships, and certain subject-object problems in ethics. Her fame rests primarily on In a Different Voice: Psy famously championed the role of relationships as central to moral reasoningMoral reasoning is a study in psychology that overlaps with moral philosophy. Prominent figures include Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan and John Reed. Although all moral choice can be seen as personal choice, it can also been seen as economic choice, et, and superior as a basis for understanding human choices than any prior linguistic or meta-ethical concept. Lawrence KohlbergLawrence Kohlberg ( October 25, 1927 April 15, 1987) was a psychologist who was born in Bronxville, New York. He served as a professor at Harvard University. He started as a developmental psychologist in the early 1970s and became famous for his later wor, her colleague famous for work on moral development as a part of human development, had reservations, but eventually joined her in starting a descriptive ethics of relationship conduct in what they called the ethical community or just community: This was in effect a community of practice which, at least in Kohlberg's conception, had a core epistemic community of those trusted to define and resolve the disputes between members, and to facilitate the growth of moral development: not only in children, but prisoners and others. Their democratic educational interventions are still the standard against which all work in ethical relationship psychology is measured. However they did not reconcile the different approaches to moral development they took to the project, rather, they played quite different roles in the interventions. Donald R. C. Reed , whose Following Kohlberg: Liberalism and the Practice of Democratic Community , 1998, outlined the extension of these principles to that of deliberative democracy, claims that "During the four years following publication of Gilligan's In a Different Voice , ( 1982), Kohlberg and Gilligan both revised their accounts of moral development so that they converged far more than is commonly recognized." He argues for "extending this convergence to include the understanding developed in the just community projects."There is also potential for application of these methods to ethical tradition. Kohlberg's student Burton Visotzky, for instance, in The Genesis of Ethics , 1997, applied the relationship approach to Ethics in the Bible. The book focuses on the choices and interactions of major characters in the Book of Genesis. Visotzky exploits much of the Talmudic, midrash and magisterium, demonstrating that these Jewish theological traditions too had often focused on the ethical relationship, not only between Man and God, but between others in one's family, tribe or community.
Mohandas Gandhi, Confucius, Menno Simon and Baruch Spinoza are examples of figures in moral philosophy and political philosophy who focused first and foremost on the ethical choices made in the actual framing and encounter of moral interventions. Greens and New Confucians are two examples of modern movements that are derived in part from relational traditions.